大学生就业难问题的政府对策研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 06:55

【摘要】：随着改革开放的不断深入,由“计划分配”转换为“自主择业”的大学生就业难问题已经成为目前全社会都在关注的一个突出问题,也是党和政府高度重视的问题。尤其是近年来,经济转型进入了实质性阶段、产业结构的不断升级和调整、农村剩余劳动力的大规模转移、国有企业和集体企业的“两个置换”、高等院校的连续扩招等,使我国始终处于失业高峰阶段。大规模失业群体的产生对我国社会经济、政治带来了多方面的影响。因此,研究大学生的就业现状、成因以及政府出台的相关政策,对于促进大学生的和谐发展、提高高等教育质量、加速实施人才强国战略、推动经济社会全面协调发展,无疑具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。在梳理、探讨过程中,本文的研究思路也逐渐清晰。本文从四个部分对大学生就业难问题的政府对策进行了研究：第一部分,首先分析并导出了我国大学生就业难问题,为后续提出大学生就业难问题的政府对策提供了客观研究依据。第二部分,对解决大学生就业难问题已有的政府对策进行了分析,得出我国经济的不断发展、体制改革及收入分配制度的不健全,是影响大学生就业的主要行政环境因素。其次,分析了高等教育的快速发展、大学扩招政策的实施以及大学生本人的就业观念对就业的影响,得出由于扩招的速度过快,使高校在设置专业时,过度的盲目,从而导致大学生供需矛盾更为突出。此外大学生本人的就业观念转变不到位也是影响其就业的主要原因。第三部分,对美国、德国、日本、印度这几个发达国家和发展中国家在解决大学生就业难问题时,政府所采取的对策进行了比较,并由此提出了对我国的几点启示：即在今后解决我国大学生就业难问题上,也应消除劳动力市场的不合理制度、加大大学生就业的调控力度、使大学生就业流向均衡化、鼓励大学生到条件艰苦地区就业、加大全国大学生就业信息网络的覆盖范围,使大学生与用人单位之间的就业信息保持畅通,并及时给予大学生就业指导的建议。第四部分,在前三部分分析论述的基础上,从五个方面阐述了政府在解决大学生就业难问题时所采取的相关对策建议,其中适时地和创新性地提出了要着力完善大学生就业预警机制,即建立专门的大学生就业统计部门,对大学生的就业情况以及社会上对大学生所学专业的需求情况进行统计分析,使大学生对所学专业的就业前景,有较为清晰的认识,以便及时调整择业方向,以此来促进就业。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up, the difficult problem of college students' employment, which is transformed from "plan distribution" to "self-employment", has become a prominent problem that the whole society is paying close attention to, and it is also a problem that the Party and the government attach great importance to. In particular, in recent years, the economic transformation has entered a substantial stage, with the continuous upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure, the large-scale transfer of rural surplus labor, the "two replacements" of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises, and the continuous expansion of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. Make our country always in unemployment peak stage. The emergence of mass unemployment has brought many influences to our social economy and politics. Therefore, the study of the present employment situation of college students, the causes and the relevant policies issued by the government will promote the harmonious development of college students, improve the quality of higher education, accelerate the implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country by talents, and promote the overall and coordinated development of the economy and society. There is no doubt of important theoretical and practical significance. In the process of combing and discussing, the research ideas of this paper are also gradually clear. This article has carried on the research from four parts to the university student employment difficulty question government countermeasure: the first part, has analyzed and derived our country university student employment difficulty question first, It provides an objective research basis for the government countermeasures to the problem of college students'employment difficulties. In the second part, the author analyzes the existing government countermeasures to solve the problem of college students' employment, and points out that the unceasing development of our economy, the reform of the system and the imperfection of the income distribution system are the main administrative environmental factors that affect the employment of college students. Secondly, it analyzes the rapid development of higher education, the implementation of university enrollment expansion policy and the employment concept of college students themselves to the impact of employment, it is concluded that the speed of enrollment expansion is too fast, so that colleges and universities in the establishment of professional, excessive blindness. As a result, the contradiction between supply and demand of college students is more prominent. In addition, the change of employment concept of college students is also the main reason of affecting their employment. The third part compares the countermeasures taken by the governments of the United States, Germany, Japan, India and other developed and developing countries in solving the problem of university students' employment difficulties. From this, the author puts forward some enlightenment to our country: in order to solve the problem of college students' employment in the future, we should also eliminate the unreasonable system of labor market, strengthen the regulation and control of college students' employment, and make the flow of college students' employment equalize. To encourage college students to find employment in difficult areas, to enlarge the coverage of national university students' employment information network, to keep the employment information between college students and employers unblocked, and to give them employment guidance in time. The fourth part, on the basis of the analysis of the first three parts, expounds the relevant countermeasures and suggestions taken by the government in solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties from five aspects. Among them, timely and innovatively put forward to improve the early warning mechanism of college students' employment, that is, to establish a special employment statistics department for college students. This paper makes a statistical analysis of the employment situation of college students and the needs of the majors they have studied in society, so that they can have a clear understanding of the employment prospects of the majors they have learned, so as to adjust the orientation of choosing a job in time and thus promote employment.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38

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