美国20世纪70年代过度教育分析及对我国启示
发布时间：2019-04-23 14:13
【摘要】：随着大学扩招的深入，我国的高等教育已进入了大众化阶段，由于多方面因素的影响，目前我国高校毕业生面临着巨大就业压力，过度教育现象成为我们不得不面对的一个难题。 众所周知，，美国的高等教育处于世界领先地位，但事实上上世纪70年代美国高等教育也出现过度教育问题，经历了大学生就业难的局面，在对这一问题进行分析并做出应对后，过度教育得到明显改善，高等教育又重新走上正确的轨道。本论文尝试从20世纪70年代美国高等教育过度问题着手，分析过度教育产生的背景，美国在解决该问题时采取的措施，并深入分析我国的高等教育过度的现状和特征以及背后的深层原因，以期对我国现阶段的高等教育过度现象有所启迪。 本论文主体部分由四部分构成。 第一部分对过度教育理论进行了综述。主要从过度教育的理论解释、类型分类和测量方法三个方面阐述了过度教育理论。 第二部分主要论述了20世纪七十年代美国过度教育的产生原因及相应对策。分别从高等教育普及化、科技发展与产业结构变化、经济危机三个角度来解释70年代过度教育发生的具体原因，从就业政策和就业法规的制定、通识教育和应用性职业教育的结合、完善就业指导体系、校企合作四个方面论述美国面对过度教育状况采取的措施和产生的效果。 第三部分接着分析我国高等教育过度的现状。首先分析了我国高等教育具有相对性过度、结构性过度、长期性过度三个主要特征；然后从中概括出经济水平限制、高等教育发展不合理、特殊制度环境和传统择业观念等深层原因；最后探讨教育过度带来的影响，包括降低个人收益、影响生产力、造成资源浪费和诚信危机、导致社会不安定等，阐明解决这一问题的重要性和必要性。 第四部分基于前面的分析，结合我国具体国情，从发展经济、加大高等教育改革、消除制度性障碍、树立正确的就业观念几个层面提出解决我国过度教育现象。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of university enrollment, the higher education in our country has entered the stage of popularization. Due to the influence of many factors, the graduates of colleges and universities in our country are facing great pressure of employment at present. The phenomenon of over-education has become a difficult problem we have to face. As we all know, higher education in the United States is in the leading position in the world, but in fact, in the 1970s, there were also problems of over-education in American higher education, and experienced the difficult situation of employment of college students. After analyzing and responding to this problem, Over-education has been significantly improved, higher education is back on the right track. This paper attempts to analyze the background of over-education and the measures taken by the United States to solve the problem from the point of view of the problem of over-education in the United States in the 1970s. It also deeply analyzes the present situation and characteristics of higher education in our country and the deep reasons behind it in order to enlighten the phenomenon of excessive higher education in our country at the present stage. The main part of this paper consists of four parts. The first part summarizes the theory of over-education. This paper expounds the theory of over-education from three aspects: theoretical explanation, classification and measurement. The second part mainly discusses the causes and countermeasures of American over-education in 1970's. From the three angles of popularization of higher education, development of science and technology, change of industrial structure and economic crisis, this paper explains the specific reasons for the occurrence of excessive education in the 1970s, from the formulation of employment policies and employment regulations. The combination of general education and applied vocational education, the improvement of employment guidance system, and the cooperation between schools and enterprises discuss the measures taken by the United States in the face of the situation of over-education and its effects. The third part analyzes the present situation of the excessive higher education in our country. Firstly, it analyzes the three main characteristics of higher education in China: relativity excess, structural excess and long-term excess. Then it generalizes the deep-seated reasons such as the restriction of economic level, unreasonable development of higher education, special institutional environment and traditional idea of choosing a job. Finally, this paper discusses the influence of excessive education, including reducing personal income, affecting productivity, causing waste of resources and crisis of honesty and credit, leading to social instability, etc., and clarifies the importance and necessity of solving this problem. The fourth part, based on the previous analysis and combined with the specific national conditions of our country, proposes to solve the phenomenon of over-education in our country from the aspects of developing economy, increasing the reform of higher education, removing institutional obstacles, and setting up a correct concept of employment.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.1
本文编号：2463539
[Abstract]:With the expansion of university enrollment, the higher education in our country has entered the stage of popularization. Due to the influence of many factors, the graduates of colleges and universities in our country are facing great pressure of employment at present. The phenomenon of over-education has become a difficult problem we have to face. As we all know, higher education in the United States is in the leading position in the world, but in fact, in the 1970s, there were also problems of over-education in American higher education, and experienced the difficult situation of employment of college students. After analyzing and responding to this problem, Over-education has been significantly improved, higher education is back on the right track. This paper attempts to analyze the background of over-education and the measures taken by the United States to solve the problem from the point of view of the problem of over-education in the United States in the 1970s. It also deeply analyzes the present situation and characteristics of higher education in our country and the deep reasons behind it in order to enlighten the phenomenon of excessive higher education in our country at the present stage. The main part of this paper consists of four parts. The first part summarizes the theory of over-education. This paper expounds the theory of over-education from three aspects: theoretical explanation, classification and measurement. The second part mainly discusses the causes and countermeasures of American over-education in 1970's. From the three angles of popularization of higher education, development of science and technology, change of industrial structure and economic crisis, this paper explains the specific reasons for the occurrence of excessive education in the 1970s, from the formulation of employment policies and employment regulations. The combination of general education and applied vocational education, the improvement of employment guidance system, and the cooperation between schools and enterprises discuss the measures taken by the United States in the face of the situation of over-education and its effects. The third part analyzes the present situation of the excessive higher education in our country. Firstly, it analyzes the three main characteristics of higher education in China: relativity excess, structural excess and long-term excess. Then it generalizes the deep-seated reasons such as the restriction of economic level, unreasonable development of higher education, special institutional environment and traditional idea of choosing a job. Finally, this paper discusses the influence of excessive education, including reducing personal income, affecting productivity, causing waste of resources and crisis of honesty and credit, leading to social instability, etc., and clarifies the importance and necessity of solving this problem. The fourth part, based on the previous analysis and combined with the specific national conditions of our country, proposes to solve the phenomenon of over-education in our country from the aspects of developing economy, increasing the reform of higher education, removing institutional obstacles, and setting up a correct concept of employment.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.1
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