吉尔曼的高等教育思想研究
发布时间：2019-05-27 19:40
【摘要】：丹尼尔·科伊特·吉尔曼(Daniel Coit Gilman)是美国19世纪30年代至20世纪初的高等教育思想家和改革家，是当时美国研究生教育“大学化运动”时期最具代表性的人物之一，也是美国历史上第一所真正意义上的现代研究型大学——约翰?霍普金斯大学的首任校长。他的教育思想是当时美国高等教育需求的集中反映，所以本论文以吉尔曼的高等教育思想研究为题来探讨吉尔曼的高等教育思想，全文分四个部分。 第一部分主要介绍了选题的缘由和意义，梳理了国内外学者对吉尔曼的高等教育想研究的情况，以及本研究的主要内容和所选用的研究方法。 第二部分主要阐述了吉尔曼生活的时代背景以及吉尔曼的求学和工作经历。吉尔曼生活的时代正值美国南北战争结束的时期。南北战争不仅使得美国政治获得重组，更促进了美国经济的迅猛发展。同时，“大学化运动”的发展、《莫雷尔法案》的颁布；科学思潮、实用主义都为美国高等教育的发展提出了更高的要求，提供了更好的条件，也不断影响着吉尔曼高等教育思想的形成和发展。另外，受到德国大学、洪堡思想的影响，更多的美国学者开始将德国的教育思想引入美国，这在一定程度上奠定了美国高等教育思想的思想基础。在这样的时代背景下，，吉尔曼有机会接受良好的教育，并且两次游学欧洲，为美国带回了德国大学的先进思想。从欧洲游学回国，吉尔曼分别就职于耶鲁科学学院、谢菲尔德理学院和加利福尼亚大学。在三所学院的任职过程中，吉尔曼不断地实践着自己的教学理念，为其出任霍普金斯大学的校长奠定了理论和实践的基础。 第三部分是本论文的中心部分，主要从吉尔曼的大学办学理念、大学的功能和特点、科学教育和教学制度的确立、大学教师思想和研究生教育几个部分论述了吉尔曼的高等教育思想。首先，一名校长的大学理念决定着一所大学会成为怎样的大学。吉尔曼对大学是什么，大学应该展开什么样的教学、怎样展开教学等方面都进行了详细的阐述。经过加州大学的初步设想，到进入霍普金斯大学后对大学理念的完整论述，吉尔曼的大学理念得以发展和完善。其次，在阐述了吉尔曼的大学理念之后，吉尔曼对大学功能和特点的认识也是不可忽视的内容。与美国当时传统的对大学功能的认识不同，吉尔曼非常重视大学与社会之间的关系。在美国本土较早地确立了大学服务于社会的这一功能。再次，吉尔曼非常重视科学学科在美国的地位的确立，不断完善美国当时既有的课程制度。另外吉尔曼重视对教师的管理和培养，建立了完整的教师选聘和培养机制，既培养了教师对大学的忠诚度，又为教师进行教学研究活动创造了良好的条件。最后，作为一所研究型大学，吉尔曼设定了研究生教育的定位和实施，开创了美国研究型大学的新纪元。 第四部分阐述了对吉尔曼的高等教育思想的评价和对我国当今高等教育的启示。吉尔曼的高等教育思想促使美国高等教育的转型，促使高校管理者对怎样办大学、怎样培养教师进行进一步的思考，唤起大学教师对展开教学科研活动热情。同时，吉尔曼的高等教育思想也为我国大学的建设提供了参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Daniel Coit Gilman, a higher-education thinker and reformer from the 1930s to the early 20th century, was one of the most representative figures at the time of American postgraduates' educational "university sports". It's the first real modern research university in the history of the United States, John? The head of the Hopkins University. His education thought is the concentration of American higher education demand at that time, so this paper discusses the higher education thought of Gilman by the study of Gilman's higher education thought, and the full text is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, and then sorts out the situation of the study of the higher education of Gilman at home and abroad, as well as the main contents of this study and the selected research party. The second part mainly expounds the background of Gilman's life and the study and work of Gilman. Experience. The time of Gilman's life is at the end of the American Civil War. During the period of the Civil War, not only the political gain of the United States was reorganized, but the economy of the United States was more promoted. At the same time, the development of the "university sports", the promulgation of the Morel Act, the scientific trend of thought and the pragmatism have put forward higher requirements for the development of higher education in the United States, and provide better conditions and influence the formation of the thought of the Gilman's higher education. Moreover, by the influence of the German university and the Humboldt's thought, more American scholars began to introduce the German educational thought into the United States, which, to a certain extent, established the thought of American higher education. On the basis of such a background, Gilman has the opportunity to receive good education and to go to Europe twice, bringing the United States back to the University of Germany Come back from Europe, Gilman took office at the Yale School of Science, Sheffield and the University of California, respectively. In the course of the three-year college, Gilman has continuously practiced his own teaching idea and laid the theory and practice for him as the principal of the Hopkins University. The third part is the central part of this thesis, mainly from the concept of the university of Gilman, the function and characteristics of the university, the establishment of the scientific education and teaching system, the teacher's thought of the university and the education of the postgraduates, and discusses the high Gillman's high. First, a principal's university concept determines that a university will become What kind of university. Gilman is about the university, what kind of teaching should be carried out by the university, how to carry out the teaching and so on In more detail, through the University of California's initial vision, a complete discussion of the university's philosophy after entering the Hopkins University, the University of Gilman's university concept Secondly, after the definition of the University of Gilman, Gilman's recognition of the function and characteristics of the university is also not Neglected content. Unlike the traditional understanding of the university's function in the United States, Gilman attached great importance to the university and society The relationship between the United States and the United States earlier established the university's service in society Once again, Gilman attached great importance to the establishment of the scientific subject in the United States and improved the United States at that time. In addition, Gilman paid more attention to the management and cultivation of the teachers, and established a complete selection and training mechanism for teachers, both of which trained the teachers' loyalty to the university, and created the teaching research activities for the teachers. In the end, as a research university, Gilman set the orientation and implementation of the post-graduate education, and created the American research-oriented university. The fourth part expounds the evaluation of Gillman's higher education thought and the current situation of our country The enlightenment of higher education. Gilman's higher education thought led to the transformation of the higher education in the United States, which prompted the university administrators to do further thinking about how to train the teachers, and to arouse the teachers of the university to carry out the teaching. At the same time, the higher education thought of Gilman is the construction of our university.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G640
本文编号：2486429
[Abstract]:Daniel Coit Gilman, a higher-education thinker and reformer from the 1930s to the early 20th century, was one of the most representative figures at the time of American postgraduates' educational "university sports". It's the first real modern research university in the history of the United States, John? The head of the Hopkins University. His education thought is the concentration of American higher education demand at that time, so this paper discusses the higher education thought of Gilman by the study of Gilman's higher education thought, and the full text is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, and then sorts out the situation of the study of the higher education of Gilman at home and abroad, as well as the main contents of this study and the selected research party. The second part mainly expounds the background of Gilman's life and the study and work of Gilman. Experience. The time of Gilman's life is at the end of the American Civil War. During the period of the Civil War, not only the political gain of the United States was reorganized, but the economy of the United States was more promoted. At the same time, the development of the "university sports", the promulgation of the Morel Act, the scientific trend of thought and the pragmatism have put forward higher requirements for the development of higher education in the United States, and provide better conditions and influence the formation of the thought of the Gilman's higher education. Moreover, by the influence of the German university and the Humboldt's thought, more American scholars began to introduce the German educational thought into the United States, which, to a certain extent, established the thought of American higher education. On the basis of such a background, Gilman has the opportunity to receive good education and to go to Europe twice, bringing the United States back to the University of Germany Come back from Europe, Gilman took office at the Yale School of Science, Sheffield and the University of California, respectively. In the course of the three-year college, Gilman has continuously practiced his own teaching idea and laid the theory and practice for him as the principal of the Hopkins University. The third part is the central part of this thesis, mainly from the concept of the university of Gilman, the function and characteristics of the university, the establishment of the scientific education and teaching system, the teacher's thought of the university and the education of the postgraduates, and discusses the high Gillman's high. First, a principal's university concept determines that a university will become What kind of university. Gilman is about the university, what kind of teaching should be carried out by the university, how to carry out the teaching and so on In more detail, through the University of California's initial vision, a complete discussion of the university's philosophy after entering the Hopkins University, the University of Gilman's university concept Secondly, after the definition of the University of Gilman, Gilman's recognition of the function and characteristics of the university is also not Neglected content. Unlike the traditional understanding of the university's function in the United States, Gilman attached great importance to the university and society The relationship between the United States and the United States earlier established the university's service in society Once again, Gilman attached great importance to the establishment of the scientific subject in the United States and improved the United States at that time. In addition, Gilman paid more attention to the management and cultivation of the teachers, and established a complete selection and training mechanism for teachers, both of which trained the teachers' loyalty to the university, and created the teaching research activities for the teachers. In the end, as a research university, Gilman set the orientation and implementation of the post-graduate education, and created the American research-oriented university. The fourth part expounds the evaluation of Gillman's higher education thought and the current situation of our country The enlightenment of higher education. Gilman's higher education thought led to the transformation of the higher education in the United States, which prompted the university administrators to do further thinking about how to train the teachers, and to arouse the teachers of the university to carry out the teaching. At the same time, the higher education thought of Gilman is the construction of our university.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G640
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