象牙塔里的压力——中国高校教师职业压力与学术产出的实证研究

发布时间：2019-07-08 08:52

【摘要】：高校教师是教学运作和学术研究的第一线实践专业人员,如何强化其职业发展和学术产出成为影响高等教育质量的关键因素之一;但与此同时,新管理主义和学术资本主义在高校组织管理体制中的渗透、社会环境与科学技术的急速变迁,高校规模扩大以及由此带来的院校组织内部的一系列变化,导致高校教师处于高度压力之下。本研究利用2007北京市高校教师调查数据,尝试从组织环境与个体特质两个层面,揭示高校教师职业压力的内涵与影响因素,探讨过度压力对高校教师职业发展所形成的冲击效应。研究发现:(1)高校教师面临不同层次的教学、科研和经济压力。在教师职业生涯轨迹中,40岁以下为高压期,41～55岁为缓压期,56岁以后为低压期。(2)高校扩招、高校内部绩效评估机制的实施和教师的婚姻状态、薪酬水平、工作负荷、发展定位、职称等成为引发高校教师压力的重要因素。(3)压力的膨胀不仅不能有效促进教师的学术产出,相反会导致教师的职业倦怠。
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图片说明：不同职称教肺的职业压力内活
[Abstract]:Teachers in colleges and universities are front-line practical professionals in teaching operation and academic research. how to strengthen their career development and academic output has become one of the key factors affecting the quality of higher education. However, at the same time, the infiltration of new management and academic capitalism in the organizational management system of colleges and universities, the rapid changes in social environment and science and technology, the expansion of the scale of colleges and universities and a series of changes within the organizations of colleges and universities have led to the high pressure on teachers in colleges and universities. Based on the survey data of university teachers in Beijing in 2007, this study attempts to reveal the connotation and influencing factors of professional stress of university teachers from two aspects of organizational environment and individual characteristics, and to explore the impact effect of excessive stress on the professional development of university teachers. It is found that: (1) College teachers face different levels of teaching, scientific research and economic pressure. In the career trajectory of teachers, under 40 years of age is a period of high pressure, 41 years of age 55 is a period of slow pressure, and after 56 years of age is a period of low pressure. (2) the expansion of enrollment, the implementation of internal performance evaluation mechanism in colleges and universities and the marital status, salary level, workload, development orientation and professional title of teachers have become important factors that lead to the pressure of teachers in colleges and universities. (3) the expansion of pressure can not effectively promote the academic output of teachers. On the contrary, it will lead to teachers' job burnout.
【作者单位】：北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所;
【基金】：全国教育科学“十一五”规划教育部青年专项课题(EIA080266)
【分类号】：G645.1

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