江苏省城市老年人体育锻炼与幸福感的研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:07

本文关键词：江苏省城市老年人体育锻炼与幸福感的研究　出处：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：幸福是以高水平的生活满意度、高水平的积极情绪和低水平的消极情绪为特征的积极的心理状态。幸福感是老年人心理健康水平和生活质量高低的重要衡量指标,与老年人的生活质量、心理健康水平、长寿密切相关。江苏省早在1986年就进入老龄社会,是我国第一个进入老年型的省份。截至2013年底,江苏60岁以上老人已达到1494.79万人,占户籍总人口的19.65%以上,比全国高4.85个百分点。近年来,大量的锻炼心理学研究已发现体育锻炼是一种有效增进老年人身心健康的手段。在针对体育锻炼与幸福感的研究结果以及存在问题的基础上,本研究通过调查研究体育锻炼与江苏城市老年人幸福感的关系,探讨体育锻炼提升江苏省城市老年人幸福感的效果与途径,为通过体育锻炼手段提高老年人幸福感提供理论和实践基础。本研究在分析了国内外关于体育锻炼与老年人幸福感及其预测指标关系研究的基础上,采用问卷调查和心理测量(自编的人口统计学问卷、体育锻炼情况量表、幸福感指数量表、日常生活能力量表和认知功能量表),对来自江苏9市18个调查区的3600名60岁以上居住在城市并且具有城市户口的老年人进行问卷调查,剔除无效问卷,有效被试3115人,简易精神状态量表有效被试635人,对有效数据运用SPSS21.0软件进行单因素方差分析和多元回归分析考察体育锻炼对江苏老年人幸福感、日常生活能力、认知功能的影响,并讨论日常生活能力和认知功能在体育锻炼影响幸福感中的中介作用。得出如下结论：(1)江苏城市老年人幸福感在婚姻、健康状况、社区活动情况上存在差异；日常生活能力在年龄、健康状况、社区活动上存在差异；认知功能在年龄、学历、婚姻和健康状况上存在差异；所有人口统计学因素综合作用对幸福感、日常生活能力、认知功能的影响均较为显著。(2)在控制人口统计学变量条件下,体育锻炼水平对江苏城市老年人幸福感、日常生活能力和认知功能均有显著的影响,低、中锻炼水平的体育锻炼更有益于幸福感水平的提升；中、高锻炼水平更有益于日常生活能力的增强、而低、中、高不同锻炼水平的体育锻炼对认知功能的改善随时间的延长效果趋于接近。(3)体育锻炼与其幸福感、日常生活能力和认知功能存在“剂量效应”关系。具体表现为进行中等强度且每次持续31-59分钟,每周3-5次、持续时间6个月以上的体育锻炼更有益于幸福感水平的提升和日常生活能力的增强：而进行中等强度,每周3-5次、持续时间6个月以上的体育锻炼则更有益于认知功能的改善。(4)体育锻炼影响江苏省城市老年人幸福感的心理机制表现为：体育锻炼不但可以直接影响江苏城市老年人幸福感水平,而且还可以通过日常生活能力和认知功能中介变量影响其幸福感水平,且日常生活能力的中介效应大于认知功能。
[Abstract]:Happiness is with a high level of life satisfaction, is characteristic of high level and low level positive emotion negative emotion positive mental state. Happiness is an important measure of the elderly mental health level and life quality, and the quality of life of the elderly, mental health and longevity are closely related. In Jiangsu province the aging society in 1986, is China's first province into old age. As of the end of 2013, Jiangsu 60 years old has reached 14 million 947 thousand and 900 people, accounting for more than 19.65% of the total household population, 4.85 percentage points higher than the national. In recent years, the study of exercise psychology have been found that physical exercise is an effective increase in elderly people's physical and mental health. Based on the means of physical exercise and well-being of the research results and the existing problems, this study through the investigation and study of physical exercise and well-being of the elderly people in Jiangsu City The relationship between physical exercise, to enhance the effect and the way of city of Jiangsu Province, the happiness of the elderly, in order to improve the happiness of the elderly to provide theoretical and practical basis through physical exercise means. Based on the analysis on the basis of physical exercise and the happiness of the elderly and its forecasting index relationship at home and abroad, using the questionnaire survey and psychological measurement (demographic questionnaire, self physical exercise scale, index of well-being scale, ADL and cognitive function scale), questionnaire survey was conducted on 9 from Jiangsu City 18 survey area 3600 above the age of 60 living in the city and has registered city elderly, excluding invalid questionnaires, 3115 valid participants, the mini mental state scale 635 testees, the effective data using SPSS21.0 software for single factor analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis on physical exercise The happiness of the elderly in Jiangsu, daily life ability, cognitive function, and discuss the ability of daily living and cognitive function in physical exercise influence well-being. The intermediary role draws the following conclusions: (1) health status in marriage, happiness of elderly people in Jiangsu City, there are differences in community activities; ability of daily life and health in the age, there are differences on cognitive function in community activities; age, education, marriage and health differences; all demographic factors on happiness, ability of daily life, affecting the cognitive function was obvious. (2) in the control of demographic variables under the condition of physical exercise on the level happy old people in Jiangsu City, daily life ability and cognitive function had significant effects, low levels of exercise is more beneficial in physical exercise on well-being level, high promotion; The level of exercise is more beneficial to the enhancement of the ability of daily life, and improve the high, low, different exercise level of physical exercise on cognitive function with time. The effect tends to be close to the (3) physical exercise and happiness, there is "dose effect" relationship between daily life ability and cognitive function. The specific performance of medium the intensity and duration of 31-59 minutes each time, 3-5 times per week, increased duration of more than 6 months of physical exercise is more beneficial to enhance the level of well-being and ability of daily life and moderate intensity, 3-5 times per week, the duration of more than 6 months of physical exercise is more beneficial to the improvement of cognitive function (4. The psychological mechanism of the influence of exercise performance) in Jiangsu province city elderly well-being: physical exercise can not only directly affect the level of happiness of the elderly in Jiangsu City, but also through the ability of daily life and recognition The intermediary variable of knowledge function affects the level of happiness, and the mediating effect of daily life ability is greater than that of cognitive function.

【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G806

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