排球运动员下肢离心力量训练对预防膝关节损伤作用的研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 12:19

本文关键词：排球运动员下肢离心力量训练对预防膝关节损伤作用的研究　出处：《北京体育大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着世界排球运动的不断飞跃和发展,对排球的竞技水平要求也越来越高。现代高竞技水平的排球运动是一项要求极其苛刻、时限性和高强度的技能性体育运动,对运动员的专项体能和专项技术的要求相比其他运动都要高很多,同时伴随发生的是排球运动员的损伤也随之增加。相关调查显示,在排球运动员的常见损伤部位中膝关节损伤的比例是最多的。研究目的：观察介入8周的下肢离心力量的训练是否可以降低排球运动员的膝关节损伤的风险。研究对象：北京体育大学竞技体育学院和教育学院2011级—2014级排球专项女性运动员24名,身体健康,近一年内无下肢运动损伤及其它限制上下肢运动的疾病。研究方法：将24名受试者随机分为离心训练实验组和不参与离心训练对照组,每组12人。使用补偿离心综合训练系统,让实验组的排球运动员进行深蹲练习,第一周至第四周的离心训练实验负荷为：130%*12RM向心负荷,一组12个,每次两组。第五周至第八周的离心训练实验负荷不变,一组增加至15个,每次两组,每组间隔休息2分钟。训练每周进行3次,依受试者状况调整隔1天或2天进行训练,训练持续8周。对照组只进行平常的日常训练,不进行此离心训练。测试指标：(1)等速测试指标：向心峰值力矩(600/s),离心峰值力矩(600/s),并计算离心峰值力矩与向心峰值力矩的比值。(2)红外热成像测试指标：膝关节表面温度,膝关节周围正常部位的表面温度,并计算膝关节与周围正常部位之间的温度差值。研究结果与结论：(1)8周的离心训练可以有效地提高排球运动员下肢的离心最大力量,从而使得运动员下肢离心峰值力矩与向心峰值力矩的比值增大。(2)8周的离心训练可以降低膝关节表面温度和周围正常皮肤表面温度的差值,从而有效地预防膝关节发生损伤。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous leap and development of the world volleyball, the requirement of volleyball competitive level is higher and higher. The modern high competitive level volleyball is an extremely demanding requirement. Time limit and high intensity of skill sports, athletes' special physical and technical requirements are much higher than other sports. At the same time, accompanied by the volleyball players injuries also increased. Relevant surveys show. The proportion of knee joint injury is the highest among the common injuries of volleyball players. Objective: to observe whether the lower extremity centrifugal strength training after 8 weeks intervention can reduce the risk of knee joint injury of volleyball players. There are 24 female volleyball athletes in Beijing Sports University competitive Sports College and School of Education 2011-2014. The study methods: 24 subjects were randomly divided into centrifuge training experimental group and control group without taking part in centrifuge training. Each group of 12 people, using a compensatory centrifuge comprehensive training system, let the experimental group volleyball players for squat exercise, the first week to the fourth week of centrifugal training experiment load is 1: 130 and 12RM centripetal load. The load of centrifuge training was unchanged for 5th weeks to 8th weeks in one group, and increased to 15 in one group. The interval between each group was 2 minutes. The training was conducted 3 times a week. The subjects were trained every 1 or 2 days according to the condition of the subjects, and the training lasted for 8 weeks. The control group was only given the normal daily training. Don't do this centrifugal training. Test index: 1) isokinetic test index: concentric peak torque of 600 / s, centrifugal peak torque of 600 / s). The ratio of centrifugal peak moment to centripetal peak moment was calculated. The infrared thermal imaging parameters were as follows: the surface temperature of the knee joint and the surface temperature of the normal part around the knee joint. The temperature difference between the knee joint and the normal parts around the knee joint was calculated. The results and conclusions showed that the centrifugal training for 8 weeks could effectively improve the maximum centrifugal strength of the lower extremities of volleyball players. Therefore, the ratio of eccentric peak torque to centripetal peak torque of athlete's lower extremities increased. The difference between knee joint surface temperature and normal skin surface temperature was reduced after 28 weeks of centrifugal training. So as to effectively prevent knee injury.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G842;R873

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