人体—蹦床运动系统的力学模拟与分析

发布时间：2018-01-15 08:38

本文关键词：人体—蹦床运动系统的力学模拟与分析　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：蹦床运动是一种技巧类体育项目,最初起源于中世纪杂技演员的表演节目,2000年悉尼奥运会首次被接纳为奥运比赛项目。我国于1998年才正式开展蹦床运动项目,经过十多年的发展蹦床运动项目在我国已经取得了优异成绩,成为我国奥运会优势项目之一。但要进一步稳定提高蹦床运动技术和成绩,则亟待科学化的训练和技术优化。这就需要建立三维人体-蹦床运动系统的力学分析模型与仿真系统,以三维方式逼真模拟、设计、分析蹦床运动技术动作,并将模拟结果与运动员训练视频同步对比,为定量认识人体-蹦床运动系统的运动机理、提高运动员成绩方法提高指导。同时,可详细了解运动员在蹦床运动过程中身体各部分关节、肌肉的受力情况,为预防运动员在训练和比赛中受伤奠定理论基础。因此,本文研究的主要目标是建立人体-蹦床运动系统的力学分析模型,以分析人体在蹦床上跳跃过程中尤其是与蹦床网面接触瞬间的运动特征与受力状态,进而探明人体-蹦床运动系统的运动学与动力学特性。为此,首先对蹦床器械的力学特性进行测试与模拟,然后对人体-蹦床运动系统模拟中的关键环节—足底与网面接触瞬间的动态应力分布进行实验研究,再利用视频解析软件分析了优秀蹦床运动员在比赛中的运动轨迹,进而利用生物动力学软件LifeMOD软件建立三维人体-蹦床运动系统的力学模型,进行优秀蹦床运动员比赛过程的运动学与动力学仿真分析。完成的工作与主要成果包括：1.基于蹦床器械力学性能测试结果建立了可模拟蹦床网面中心区域力学特征的蹦床器械ADAMS动力学模型。与其它运动项目不同的是,蹦床器械的各项力学性能指标是不确定的。无论是美国国家标准(ASTM F381-14)还是英国国家标准(BS EN 13219:2008)都只对蹦床的框架尺寸、网面尺寸、弹簧尺寸个数等有详细规定,但是对网面中心区域的力学特性参数并无规定。本文对蹦床网面中心区域和弹簧的力学性能进行了静力测试,获得蹦床网面中心区域的荷载-位移变化规律,然后通过软件ADAMS建立了蹦床器械的动力学模型。研究结果表明,所建立的模型能够较为准确的模拟网面中心区域的荷载-位移变化规律,为建立人体,蹦床运动系统的动力学模型奠定了基础。2.实测分析了两名蹦床运动员在跳跃过程中足底和蹦床网面接触时的动态应力分布规律。以江苏省蹦床队的两名运动员为研究对象,利用穿戴式足底压力鞋垫,测量了运动员在蹦床网面跳跃过程中足底与网面接触瞬间的动应力分布与变化规律。实验研究结果表明,当运动员跳跃高度分别为15cm、28cm时,足底应力分别是其重力的4.45和4.96倍。同时发现,足跟处所受压强值占整个足底压强的50%。因此在蹦床比赛和训练中,应关注脚跟的受力以避免骨折和扭伤。3.用三维视频分析法采集和分析获得运动员在蹦床比赛中的运动轨迹。通过用影像解析软件ARIEL对“广元建设杯”2013年全国蹦床冠军赛中运动员跳跃轨迹进行解析分析,识别出参赛运动员比赛过程中的主要运动特征量,包括腾空高度的最高值以及达到最高值的时间等。对获得冠军的运动员董栋的运动轨迹进行了详细的分析,为后续的人体-蹦床运动系统的建模和仿真分析奠定了基础。4.建立了三维人体-蹦床运动系统的动力学模型,利用模型进行了冠军董栋在比赛过程的运动学与动力学仿真分析,获得该运动员在蹦床上跳跃过程中各部分关节、肌肉等人体组织的受力状态。通过生物动力学软件LifeMOD建立了董栋的三维人体模型,导入蹦床器械模型和之前实测解析获得的董栋运动轨迹。再经过反向动力学分析与正向动力学分析之后运行人体-蹦床运动系统动力学模型,分析得到了董栋在运动过程中的动力学和运动学数据。研究结果表明,在蹦床比赛过程中董栋下肢关节中的膝关节受力最大、膝关节和踝关节的受扭矩较大。在下肢肌肉中,股四头肌群、股二头肌、比目鱼肌比较活跃。本文建立的三维人体-蹦床运动系统的动力学模型和运动学与动力学仿真分析方法,可在采集相关运动员在比赛与训练过程的运动轨迹的基础上,进行其人体-蹦床运动系统的运动学与动力学仿真分析,为相关运动员的科学化训练和优化技术动作、提高比赛成绩奠定了理论分析基础。
[Abstract]:Trampoline is a skill sport, originated in medieval acrobatic performances, the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games for the first time was accepted into the Olympic Games. In 1998 China was officially launched in trampoline, after more than 10 years of development project of trampoline in China has achieved excellent results, become one of the advantages of the project China's Olympic Games. But to further improve stability of trampoline technique and achievement, is in urgent need to scientific training and optimization technology. The mechanical analysis model and simulation system, which requires the establishment of three-dimensional human trampoline system, 3D realistic simulation, design, analysis of trampoline technical movements, and the results of the simulation with the athletes the training video synchronization for comparison, quantitative understanding of motion mechanism of human - Trampoline system, improve the guidance of improving athletes' performance. At the same time, a detailed understanding. In the process of mobilization of trampoline in various parts of the body joints, muscle force, lay the theoretical foundation for the prevention of injury of athletes in training and competition. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to establish mechanical model of human trampoline system, to analyze the human jumping on the trampoline process especially with stress state movement characteristics and trampoline net contact moment, then verify the kinematics and dynamics of human trampoline system. Therefore, the first test and Simulation of mechanical characteristics of trampoline equipment, then the human body movement - key trampoline dynamic system simulation in network contact moment with foot stress experiment the distribution, then analyzes the trajectory of Trampoline Athletes in the game using video analysis software, and then use the biological dynamics software LifeMOD software to establish the three-dimensional human body The mechanical model of trampoline system, carry on the kinematics and dynamics simulation of Trampoline Players analysis. And the main results of the work include: 1. based on the test results of mechanical properties is established and trampoline equipment bed device ADAMS kinetic model can be the characteristics of trampoline net center of mechanical simulation. Unlike other sports, index the mechanical properties of trampoline equipment is uncertain. It is an American national standard (ASTM F381-14) was a British national standard (BS EN 13219:2008) only the frame size on the trampoline, mesh size, the number of dimensions have detailed provisions, but on the surface in the center region of mechanical parameters is not required. The mechanical properties of the trampoline net center area and the spring was analyzed by static test, obtained the load trampoline net in the center region of displacement variation, and then through the ADAMS software to establish a dynamics model of trampoline equipment. The results show that the model can simulate the load displacement variation of net surface center area accurately, the establishment of the human body, dynamic model of trampoline system laid the foundation for.2. were measured and analyzed two dynamic plantar Trampoline Athletes in the process of jumping and trampoline net the surface contact stress distribution. The two athletes trampoline team in Jiangsu Province as the research object, the use of wearable plantar pressure insoles, athletes in the dynamic trampoline net and net jump plantar surface in the process of the moment of contact and change law of stress distribution was measured. The experimental results show that when the athletes jump height respectively. 15cm, 28cm, foot stress are the gravity of the 4.45 and 4.96 times. At the same time, the pressure of heel premises accounted for the entire plantar pressure 50%. in trampoline competition And in training, should be kept in force with footnotes to avoid fracture and sprain.3. analysis method for collection and analysis of motion trajectory of athletes in trampoline game with 3D video. By using image analysis software ARIEL of athletes of Guangyuan construction cup 2013 national Trampoline Championship in the jump trajectory analysis, identify the main sports athletes during the game features, including the maximum height of the flight time and reached the highest value. The trajectory of the champion athlete Dong Dong carried out a detailed analysis for the subsequent human trampoline system modeling and simulation analysis of the foundation of.4. established a three-dimensional human trampoline system the dynamic model of champion Dong Dong analysis in kinematics and dynamics simulation game process using the model, the athletes on the trampoline jumping process Each part of the joint, the stress state of muscle and other tissues. 3D human body model was established by using the Dong Dong biological dynamics software LifeMOD, Dong Dong motion model and measurement instruments into the trampoline before analysis. Then after the analysis of inverse dynamics analysis and positive dynamic operation human trampoline system dynamics model, analysis of the dynamics and Dong Dong kinematics data in the course of the campaign. The results show that, in the trampoline competition in the process of Dong Dong's knee joints of the lower the maximum force of the knee and ankle torque is large. In the lower limb muscles, femoral head four muscles, unit two biceps, soleus muscle was more active. The analysis methods of 3D the human trampoline system dynamics model and the kinematics and dynamics simulation, in collecting relevant track athletes in the sports competition and training process On the basis of it, the kinematics and dynamics simulation analysis of the human trampoline system is made, which lays a theoretical foundation for the scientific training and optimization of the technical movements and the performance of athletes.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G838;G804.6

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