网球运动员选材追踪及早期训练身体形态和素质变化特征

发布时间：2018-01-15 19:23

本文关键词：网球运动员选材追踪及早期训练身体形态和素质变化特征　出处：《北京体育大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究目的首先在于讨论网球运动员初级选材的方法,其次追踪分析少年女子网球运动员在不同时期,常用的形态与素质测试指标与运动员比赛成绩的相关性,分析少年女子运动员在早期的训练和成长纵向变化数据,揭示女子网球运动员少年时期的形态和素质的变化特征。研究方法,采用追踪测试的方法,对经过初选的8名女性网球运动员进行3年的纵向追踪,测试不同时期运动员的形态指标(身高、体重、体脂),素质指标(灵敏、反应、速度、力量、爆发力、柔韧、耐力),并将各阶段所测结果与3年后运动员在全国NIKE排名赛中的比赛成绩做Spearman相关性分析和显著性检验,探讨该8名队员在早期选材中所使用的选材指标和方法,采用单因素方差分析,事后比较采用LSD方法和Tamhane's T2方法对年度测试平均值进行多重比较,揭示运动员在三年中不同时期身体形态和素质的变化特征,研究结果如下：1.运动员少年时期的身体形态指标(身高、体重、克莱托指数)与早期比赛成绩表现出稳定的高度相关性,可作为早期选材的重要参考指标。2.身体素质测试指标在三年的追踪测试中与比赛成绩整体无显著相关性,各素质变化和波动较大,在早期预测成绩方面具有很大的局限性,这可能是造成运动员选材问题中错选、漏选的重要原因。3.身体形态年度变化特征方面,运动员在三年追踪中身高体重显著增长,其中体重快速增长期晚于身高,且快速增长期相对于普通青少年呈延长趋势；克莱托指数随年龄变化而逐渐增大,且与体重变化趋势基本一致；运动员体脂百分比不同于普通少年,随着训练的增加体脂百分比逐渐下降直至进入青春期。4.运动员对年度1100小时(体能+技术)的训练干预适应良好,身体素质中,反应速度、灵敏、专项速度、上肢力量、耐力在8到9岁(第一年)中显著增长；在9到10岁(第二年)中除反应灵敏速度外,其余身体素质指标增长不显著；柔韧素质较为稳定,在三年追踪中没有显著性变化。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to discuss the first primary material for tennis players, the second track analysis of young female tennis players in different periods, the relevance of commonly used form and quality testing index and the analysis of juvenile athletes, female athletes in the training and development data of early longitudinal changes reveal changes in the characteristics of juvenile female tennis athletes and form period quality. Research methods, using the method of tracing test, after 8 female tennis players of the primary longitudinal follow-up of 3 years, morphological indexes in different periods of athletes test (height, weight, body fat), quality index (sensitivity, response speed, explosive force, strength, flexibility, endurance), and the test results of each stage and after 3 years of athletes in the national ranking tournament in NIKE match performance Spearman correlation analysis and significant test of the 8 players In the selection of indicators and methods of early use of material in the ANOVA, post hoc comparison using the LSD method and Tamhane's T2 method for multiple comparisons on the average annual test, revealing the athletes in the three years of body shape and quality in different periods of change characteristics, the results are as follows: the body shape index 1. teenager athletes (height, weight, Clayto index) and early game scores showed a high correlation between stable, can be used as an important reference index for the early selection of.2. physical fitness test index in the three years of follow-up testing overall competition performance and no significant correlation, the quality changes and fluctuations, the prediction has great limitations on early results this may be caused by the selection of athletes, in the wrong, an important reason for.3. body shape characteristics of annual variation of missing selection, athletes in the three years after Trace in height and weight increased significantly, the weight of a period of rapid growth after a period of rapid growth and height, relative to the ordinary young people showed an increasing trend; Clayto index changes with age increases, and the weight change tendency is consistent; the athlete body fat percentage is different from the ordinary youth, with training increased the percentage of body fat decreased gradually until puberty.4. player on the annual 1100 hours (physical + Technology) training intervention to adapt to good physical quality, response speed, sensitivity, speed, endurance, strength of upper limbs, in 8 to 9 years (the first year) in significant growth; in 9 to 10 years (second years) in addition to the sensitive reaction speed, the rest of the body the quality index of growth is not significant; the flexibility is relatively stable, no significant changes in the three years of follow-up.

【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G845

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