1995-2015年国内外高原训练文献的综述研究与训练启示

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:49

本文选题：高原训练　切入点：低氧训练　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：竞技体育随着社会的不断发展和训练手段方法的不断革新,运动记录不断杯打破,竞争变得异常激烈,高原训练也就被慢慢发现。20世纪60年代,非洲中长跑运动员的突起和墨西哥奥运会的成功举办,使人们逐渐认识到运动成绩在很大程度上受高原生活和训练的影响,随之世界范围内开始广泛关注和开展高原训练。经历半个多世纪的奋斗,高原训练的面纱逐渐被解开,在实践和理论方面都去得了巨大的进步,与此同时也发掘出许多争议问题和基本规律,如可开展高原训练的项目、不同高原训练方法的选择、高原训练的负荷和时间问题等。面对这些争议和问题,许多学者和教练做了无数研究和实践探索,但是大多数都是实验性研究,极少数从宏观角度对高原训练得发展历程和规律做总结性概述,更没有文章对近20年高原训练的研究进展进行研究。因此,本文将在前人研究和梳理的基础上,客观、深入地分析20年间高原训练的发展现状,对高原训练形成客观的、系统的认知,丰富其理论,为后人的研究和实践提供一定的借鉴。本文对中国学术网(CNKI)和Web of Science数据库所收录的1995——2015年高原(低氧)训练相关研究文献资料进行梳理和分析,对近20年高原训练的文献进行系统的综述,对20年高原训练的发展做出阶段划分,并归纳高原训练得发展热点和争议问题,分析高原训练未来的发展动态。通过总结分析得出一下结论:1、近20年的高原训练文献数量呈现倒V型趋势;高原训练国内外的主要聚集地在大学和高原科研机构;欧洲和美国等发达国家是国外高原训练的主力军,中国是国际高原训练研究领域非常重要的力量;高原训练虽然已经逐渐蔓延到几乎所有奥运会项目,但是主要还是耐力性项目。2、高原训练的发展经历了以下4个阶段:高原训练的第一次高潮阶段(20世纪60年代初),百家争鸣阶段(20世纪70-80年代中期),快速发展阶段(20世纪80年代末-21世纪),成熟阶段(21世纪)。3、目前国际高原训练的研究热点主要是:高原训练生理生化指标的研究,并逐渐向宏观和微观两方面发展、高原训练得最适海拔高度、高原训练的时间、比赛时间的间隔、高原训练的负荷、不同高原训练方式的比较。研究广度小,很少见到多角度交叉学科对高原训练进行研究分析的。今后高原训练将更加重视科研保障体系的建立,向无氧供能项目、训练负荷的量化方向发展。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the society and the innovation of training methods, sports records are constantly broken, competition becomes extremely fierce, and plateau training is slowly discovered in 60s of the 20th century. The protuberance of African middle and long distance runners and the successful hosting of the Mexican Olympic Games have made people realize that sports achievements are largely influenced by plateau life and training. Then the world began to pay more attention to and carry out plateau training. After more than half a century of struggle, the veil of plateau training was gradually untied, and great progress was made in practice and theory. At the same time, many controversial issues and basic laws have also been discovered, such as the items that can be developed for plateau training, the choice of different plateau training methods, the load and time of plateau training, etc. In the face of these disputes and problems, Many scholars and coaches have made numerous researches and practical explorations, but most of them are experimental studies, and very few summarize the development process and law of plateau training from a macro perspective. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies and combing, this paper will objectively and deeply analyze the development status of plateau training in the past 20 years, and form an objective approach to plateau training. The systematic cognition, enriches its theory, provides the certain reference for the later generations research and the practice. This paper combs and analyzes the related research literature of the altitude (hypoxia) training from 1995 to 2015, which is included in the database of China academic Network (CNKI) and Web of Science. This paper makes a systematic review of the literature on plateau training in the past 20 years, classifies the stages of the development of plateau training in 20 years, and sums up the hot and controversial issues in the development of plateau training. The development trend of plateau training in the future is analyzed. By summarizing and analyzing, the conclusion is drawn that the number of plateau training literature in recent 20 years shows a trend of inverted V shape, and the main gathering places of plateau training at home and abroad are universities and plateau scientific research institutions. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States are the main force in plateau training abroad, and China is a very important force in the field of international plateau training research. Although plateau training has gradually spread to almost all Olympic events, However, the development of plateau training has gone through the following four stages: the first high tide stage of plateau training in the early 60s of the 20th century, the hundred schools of thought stage in the mid-1970s and 1980s, and the rapid development stage. From the end of 80s to the 21st century in the 20th century, and from the mature stage to the 21st century, the current research focus of international plateau training is mainly the study of physiological and biochemical indexes of plateau training. And gradually developed to macro and micro aspects, plateau training to achieve the most suitable altitude, plateau training time, competition time interval, plateau training load, the comparison of different plateau training methods. In the future, plateau training will pay more attention to the establishment of scientific research guarantee system and develop towards the project of anaerobic energy supply and the quantification of training load.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G808.1

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