楔形平面及鞋垫对直立及步态中下肢生物力学的影响

发布时间：2018-03-14 02:25

本文选题：楔形平面　切入点：楔形鞋垫　出处：《北京体育大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的：本研究拟通过观察内外翻楔形平面及鞋垫对人体直立及步态造成的影响,探讨人类下肢环节之间是否存在假设的相互影响,并且观察楔形平面鞋垫对于人体步态造成的影响,探讨外界环境影响下人体下肢生物力学可能产生的损伤风险因素,为今后相关损伤预防提供基础信息的积累与参考。研究方法：(1)健康男性20名,通过红外三维捕捉系统对不同内外翻角度的支撑平面上双腿站立的运动学特征进行捕捉,获得下肢环节的相对角度。(2)健康男性15名,分别佩戴正常及内外翻楔形鞋垫完成行走与跑步步态测试,通过红外三维捕捉系统、测力台、表面肌电对受试者不同条件下的运动学、动力学及肌肉放电特征进行采集。运用SPSS软件对数据结果进行重复测量单因素方差分析,探讨不同角度楔形平面及鞋垫条件下,人体直立姿势及步态受到的影响。研究结果：外翻10度和内翻10度的楔形平面支撑造成了直立姿势下人体下肢排列的连锁反应,内外翻造成的小腿旋转进一步传递到了大腿,并且引发了骨盆前倾角度的变化。对于动力学特征,楔形鞋垫主要改变了额状面上的下肢动力学。行走步态中,外翻楔形鞋垫使踝关节内收力矩峰值增加了31.6%,膝关节内收力矩第二峰值降低12.8%；内翻楔形鞋垫使踝关节内收力矩峰值降低21.1%,增加了8.7%的膝关节内收力矩第一峰值。跑步步态中,外翻鞋垫使踝关节内收力矩峰值增加了14%,使膝关节内收力矩峰值降低了17%；内翻鞋垫使踝关节内收力矩峰值降低了5%,使膝关节内收力矩峰值增加了9%。研究结论：10度外翻楔形平面引起了足外翻、小腿内旋、大腿内旋、骨盆前倾的连锁变化,10度内翻楔形平面引起了足内翻、小腿外旋、大腿外旋、骨盆后倾的连锁变化。内翻与外翻10度的楔形鞋垫在步行步态过程中造成了踝关节运动学及踝关节与膝关节动力学的变化。以上直立及步态过程中产生的变化有可能成为下肢损伤的风险因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate whether there is hypothetical interaction between human lower extremities by observing the effects of internal and external turning wedge planes and insoles on the upright and gait of human body. The effects of wedge plank insole on human gait were observed, and the possible injury risk factors of human lower limb biomechanics under the influence of external environment were discussed. To provide basic information and reference for the prevention of injury in the future. Methods: 20 healthy males were used to capture the kinematic characteristics of standing on the supporting plane with different internal and external angles by infrared three-dimensional capture system. The relative angle of lower limb link was obtained from 15 healthy men, who wore normal and internal and external overturned wedge insole respectively to complete the walking and running gait tests, through the infrared three-dimensional capture system, force measuring table, Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect the kinematics, dynamics and muscle discharge characteristics of the subjects under different conditions. The single factor variance analysis of repeated measurement of the data was carried out by using SPSS software to explore the different angle wedge plane and insole condition. The effects of vertical posture and gait on the human body. Results: the wedge plane support with 10 degrees of valgus and 10 degrees of varus caused a chain reaction of the arrangement of the lower limbs in the vertical posture, and the rotation of the lower legs caused by the internal and external rotation was further transferred to the thigh. For dynamic characteristics, wedge-shaped insoles mainly change the lower limb dynamics on the frontal surface. In walking gait, The valgus wedge insole increased the peak value of the adductive torque of the ankle joint by 31.6, and the second peak value of the adductive moment of the knee joint decreased by 12.8.The varus wedge insole reduced the peak value of the adductive moment of the ankle joint by 21.1a, adding 8.7% of the first peak value of the adductive moment of the knee joint. Valgus insole increased the peak value of adductive torque of ankle joint by 14%, reduced the peak value of knee joint torque by 17%, and overturned insole reduced the peak value of adduction moment of ankle joint by 5% and increased the peak value of knee joint adduction torque by 9%. Conclusion: 10 degrees. The valgus wedge plane causes the foot to roll out. Interlocking changes in the internal rotation of the leg, the internal rotation of the thigh, and the forward tilt of the pelvis; the 10-degree varicose wedge plane causes foot varus, outer leg rotation, and thigh rotation. Linkage changes in pelvic retroversion. Wedge insoles with varus and valgus of 10 degrees cause changes in ankle kinematics and ankle and knee joint dynamics during walking gait. May be a risk factor for lower limb injury.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G804.6

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