中美高校体教结合模式下高水平篮球运动员培养的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 15:31

本文选题：篮球　切入点：高水平运动员　出处：《武汉体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国是个体育大国,正在向体育强国迈进,多年来在举国体制下竞技体育人才的培养遵循着体校到省市专业队到国家队三个层次的固定模式。然而作为体育强国的美国则是体育与教育相结合,保持竞技体育高水平的同时,也保证了运动员接受高等教育的权利,使得运动员得到了全面均衡的发展。上世纪末期,我国就提出关于在普通高校试办高水平运动队,这一项措施旨在培养我国在体育竞技方面的优秀运动员。经过多年的实践证明试办工作给学校体育工作带来了无限生机也取得了一定的成绩,有高水平运动队的学校发展越来越快,竞技运动水平也在逐年提高。尽管我国在体育竞技方面发展迅速,但伴随着一些问题也慢慢显现出来。为了能够在体育竞技方面有所突破,所以常常只重视竞技能力,并且在大部分学校中也只是进行短暂的体教结合,并不能将体育与教育很好地结合在一起,它们实际上是处于一种分离状态。一般按照这样培养运动员到最后是不能成为职业运动员,本文通过比较中美两国高校在体教结合模式下高水平篮球运动员培养的情况,将其作为研究对象,通过多方面的对比研究,深刻探讨了我国和美国在高校高水平篮球运动员培养上所存在的差异。通过研究,得出以下结论:1.目前我国拥有高水平篮球队的高校采用高测加高考综合的方式来选拔球员,球员的主要来源为篮球特色学校(如焦作篮校等)、业余体校、普通中学及省市青年队。美国高校的高水平篮球运动员则全部来源于中学,组织体系、管理机构、资格审查、招生程序和招生行为准则各方面均有一套完整的规章制度。2.目前我国高校高水平篮球运动员的训练由于教练员执教水平有限,球员水平参差不齐,训练时间等多方面的原因导致多数高水平运动队训练质量不高,并且间断性多,训练方式相对老旧,训练场地、器材条件有限,科学化水平相对不高。美国高校高水平篮球运动员在平常训练时间外,还充分利用课余的训练时间,实际的训练时间较长,训练的系统性强,训练的科学化程度较高。3.目前我国多数高校试行弹性学分制,来解决“学训矛盾”突出的问题。但由于多数运动员的文化成绩较差、学习时间难于保证等原因,本质上还是很难解决这一难题,这也极大影响了运动员的全方面发展。美国高校在保证高水平篮球运动员的高质量训练外,同时对于运动员的文化成绩要求与普通学生无异,运动员在没有达到一定的文化要求,就不能成为一名合格的大学生篮球运动员。4.我国各高校球队主教练学历普遍较高,且具备较系统的专项理论知识。但多数欠缺带高水平运动队的经验,有关临场指挥能力还有待提高。目前高校中没有专业的教练员团队,一切都是由主教练来完成,无论是在训练、生活等都是主教练一手完成,没有专一负责的团队,这样就降低了篮球运动员队伍的训练效率。美国各高校一般都会有一支或者多支能力较强、水平较高、训练完善的教练员队伍,他们执教经历丰富、训练效率高、训练注重实效且临场指挥水平高。5.中美两国篮球运动员最终的择业也相差较大,目前我国高校的CUBA联赛,进入职业联赛的人数屈指可数,多数球员会进入企事业单位代表单位打球,还有部分球员毕业后从事与篮球无关的工作。相比美国的NBA职业联赛,绝大多数的球员均来自于NCAA,部分高校球员会进入NBDL等海外其他职业联赛,同时也有部分球员从事于自己专业相关的职业。6.中美高校有关运动员培养的经费来源也有很大差异,我国高校高水平篮球队的经费多数来源于政府拨款,经费来源相对单一。美国高校则通过比赛转播、募捐、拉赞助、门票收费等多种形式获取球队经费。由于中美两国体制、文化等方面的差异,在高校高水平篮球运动队的职能管理方面也存在诸多差异。
[Abstract]:Chinese is a sports superpower, is moving to a sports power, for many years in the national system of sports talents follow a fixed pattern of three levels to the provincial sports school professional team to the national team. However, as a sports power in the United States is the combination of sports and education, and maintain high level of competitive sports, also ensure the athletes receive higher education rights, so that the players get a comprehensive and balanced development. At the end of the last century, our country puts forward on the high-level sports teams in Colleges and universities, this measure aims to cultivate China's education of elite athletes in athletics. After many years of practice proved that the pilot work to the school sports work brought infinite vitality also made some achievements, the school development is more and more high level sports team more quickly, the level of competitive sports has increased year by year. Although our country in competitive sports A rapid development, but with some problems have gradually emerged. In order to make a breakthrough in the sports competition, so often only pay attention to the competitive ability, and in most schools is just teaching combination of short body, and can not be a good combination of sports and education together, they are actually in a separate according to the general state. This is not a train athletes to the last occupation athlete, through the comparison between Chinese and American universities in the combination mode of high level basketball athletes training, as the research object, through the comparative study in many aspects, explore the profound differences between Chinese and American culture exists in the University High the level of basketball athletes. Through the research, draw the following conclusions: 1. the present China has the high level basketball team in Colleges and universities with the entrance way to measure comprehensive selection The main source of players, players for Basketball Schools (such as Jiaozuo basket school), amateur sports school, middle school and provincial youth team. High level basketball players in Colleges and universities in the United States are all derived from the middle school, organization system, management mechanism, qualification examination, enrollment procedures and enrollment behavior were all aspects of a complete set of standards the current regulations of.2. high level basketball players in Colleges and universities training because the teaching level of the coaches, players level uneven, cause the training time and other aspects of the cause of most high level sports team training quality is not high, and intermittent, training is relatively old, training venues, equipment conditions, scientific level is not high the high level basketball players in Colleges and universities in the United States. In the usual training time, but also make full use of spare time training, the actual training is long, the training system of training. The level of scientific high.3. present in most colleges and universities for the flexible credit system, to solve the contradiction of learning and training problems. But because the majority of athletes and cultural achievers, reason of learning time is difficult to guarantee, in essence is still very difficult to solve this problem, it also has a great impact on the development of all aspects of American athletes. In Colleges and universities to ensure a high quality training of high level basketball players, at the same time for the cultural achievements of athletes and ordinary students is required, athletes have not reached a certain cultural requirements, it can not be a qualified student basketball players in Colleges and Universities in China.4. team coach generally higher degree, and have special theoretical knowledge systematically. But with the majority of the lack of high level sports team experience, the command ability needs to be improved. No professional team coaches in Colleges and universities at present, everything is The coach to complete, whether in training, life is a coach hands, not specifically responsible for the team, thus reducing the basketball team training efficiency. Colleges and universities in the United States generally have one or more branches ability, higher levels of training, improve the coaches, coaching them rich experience, high training efficiency, training effectiveness and command high level.5. Sino US basketball player the ultimate career also vary, the present our country University's CUBA League, the number into the occupation League one, most players will enter the enterprises and institutions on behalf of the unit ball, engaged in work and has nothing to do with the basketball players after graduation compared to the United States. The NBA occupation League, most of the players are from NCAA, NBDL and other players will enter the University overseas occupation League, but there are some players In the source of funds in their own professional occupation related.6. between Chinese and American Universities on the athletes training there is a great difference in the high level basketball teams in Colleges and universities funding mostly from government funding, funding is relatively single. American colleges and universities through the games, collecting lazan help, ticket fees and other forms of funding. The Sino US acquisition team the system, differences in culture, there are also many different functions in the management of high level basketball teams in Colleges and universities.

【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841

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