北京市特殊教育学校学生的特殊体适能的研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 08:04

本文选题：智力障碍 + 体质　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自建国以来,关于学生的体适能健康,国家出台了一系列的标准,对学生的体适能进行测量和监测,也逐步形成了数据库和监测体系,但是关于智力障碍学生的特殊体适能发展情况的研究和测量不多。因此本文以北京市14所特殊教育学校的896名8至18岁的智力障碍学生为测试对象,测量并记录下了他们的特殊体适能状况并和2010年全国普通学生的体质指标的均值水平进行单一样本t检验,判断有无显著性差异。主要探讨智力障碍学生的特殊体适能现状。特殊体适能状况主要包括三个方面共计14个指标,分别是形态指标(身高,体重,腰围);机能指标(血压,心率,肺活量);运动能力指标(握力,仰卧起坐,坐位体前屈,腹桥,单脚闭眼站立,坐站试验,坐姿推球,台阶试验)。根据研究结果来看,北京市8至18岁的智力障碍学生的身高,体重和腰围在青春期之后基本上是呈现随着年龄的增长而增长的趋势,但总体水平明显落后于全国普通学生的水平,这与智力障碍学生由于神经系统损伤或发育不全所致的激素分泌水平低有关;而智力障碍学生的机能指标和运动能力指标则呈现出不规律的发展状态,肺活量的均值水平明显低于同龄正常学生,说明智力障碍学生的体育锻炼情况不容乐观,由于缺乏适当的体育运动而导致心肺耐力水平较差;而智力障碍学生在柔韧性,核心力量和平衡能力方面的较差表现也是值得注意的,说明由于认知水平的级别的障碍限定了智力障碍孩子的机能水平发展和运动素质的成长。针对这种现状,仅提出几项建议:第一,增加智力障碍儿童青少年的中等强度体力活动时间,增强肺活量水平,提高有氧能力,同时对肌肉和骨骼的健康发育也大有帮助,除此之外,还可促进其认知发展;第二,定期监测智力障碍儿童青少年的体重和血压等指标,预防超重和高血压的危险;第三,增加肌肉抗阻训练,增强肌肉力量和耐力,有助于改善其动作表现;第四,注重柔韧性训练,改善其关节僵硬现状。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the state has issued a series of standards to measure and monitor students' physical fitness, and has gradually formed a database and monitoring system.However, there are few studies and measurements on the development of special physical fitness of students with mental retardation.Therefore, 896 students with mental retardation aged between 8 and 18 years old from 14 special education schools in Beijing were selected as subjects.Their special physical fitness status was measured and recorded and compared with the average level of physical fitness index of ordinary students in 2010. A single sample t test was carried out to judge whether there was significant difference.This paper mainly discusses the present situation of special physical fitness of students with mental retardation.The special physical fitness status mainly includes 14 indexes in three aspects, which are morphological index (height, weight, waist circumference), functional index (blood pressure, heart rate, vital capacity), motor ability index (grip strength, sit-up, body flexion in sitting position).Abdominal bridge, one-foot closed-eye standing, sit-station test, sitting push ball, step test.According to the results of the study, the height, weight and waist circumference of children with mental retardation aged 8 to 18 in Beijing are basically increasing with age after puberty.However, the overall level was significantly lower than that of the ordinary students in China, which was related to the low level of hormone secretion caused by nervous system injury or dysplasia in the students with mental retardation.But the function index and the movement ability index of the students with mental retardation showed irregular development state, the average level of vital capacity was obviously lower than that of the normal students of the same age, which indicated that the physical exercise situation of the students with mental retardation was not optimistic.Poor levels of cardiopulmonary endurance due to a lack of appropriate sports, and poor performance of students with intellectual disabilities in terms of flexibility, core strength and balance are also noteworthy.It shows that the level of cognitive impairment limits the development of children with mental retardation and the growth of sports quality.In view of this situation, only a few suggestions are put forward: first, to increase the time of moderate physical activity, increase vital capacity, improve aerobic capacity, and also contribute greatly to the healthy development of muscles and bones in children and adolescents with mental retardation.In addition, it can promote cognitive development; second, regularly monitor indicators such as body weight and blood pressure of children and adolescents with mental retardation to prevent the risk of overweight and hypertension; and third, increase muscle resistance training to enhance muscle strength and endurance.Help to improve the performance of their movements; fourth, focus on flexibility training, improve the status quo of joint stiffness.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G769.2;G804.49

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