不同地面快速伸缩复合练习发展少儿下肢快速力量的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 14:53

本文选题：少儿 + 不同地面　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：快速力量作为重要的身体素质组成之一,其发展水平对于运动能力的提高有着重要意义,运动场上走、跑、跳、投几乎每一个项目都需要运动者具有较高的快速力量能力。因此,多年来关于快速力量训练方法的研究一直是力量训练的一个热点问题。儿童少年时期是快速力量自然生长的敏感期,这一时期进行相应的快速力量练习往往能够取得事半功倍的效果。快速伸缩复合训练将机体的速度素质与力量素质相融合,其对于快速力量的提高作用已得到国内外的普遍认可。但当前对于下肢快速伸缩复合练习界面的研究相对较少,且由于儿童少年时期骨骼、肌肉的特殊生理特性,因此对于其快速伸缩复合练习时选择何种地面仍然有待商榷。为此本研究以年龄在11-13岁的儿童少年为研究对象,在查阅文献资料法、访谈专家的基础上,以不同的接触界面为切入点,将受试对象分为对照组、实验A组和实验B组进行实验。其中对照组进行硬地(人造草坪)练习,实验A组进行沙地练习,实验B组进行沙、硬地组合练习,并将实验结果进行统计分析的,最终得出以下结论:1.实验后沙、硬地练习组的自由纵跳摸高、立定跳远、立定三级跳远和30米跑成绩提高幅度大于硬地组和沙地组,且具有显著性差异。可见与单纯的沙地和硬地练习相比,沙、硬地表面组合快速伸缩复合练习可以更为有效地提高儿童少年的下肢快速力量。2.与较硬的草地相比,沙地的松软特性延长了肌肉的拉长-缩短周期,削弱了快速伸缩复合练习的效果,导致该组的实验后测试结果明显低于硬地练习组。这在一定程度上验证了踏跳速度在儿童少年下肢快速伸缩复合练习中的重要性。3.相比于硬地练习和组合练习,沙地表面快速伸缩复合练习短期内提升下肢快速力量更具优势,且沙地练习可以更好地提高下肢伸肌的向心收缩能力。4.本实验条件下无论是硬地、沙地还是沙、硬地组合,3周或6周的快速伸缩复合练习并不能显著提高儿童少年的下肢快速力量。
[Abstract]:As one of the important constitution of physical quality, the development level of fast strength is of great significance to the improvement of sports ability. Walking, running, jumping and throwing in almost every item on the sports ground requires the sportsman to have a higher ability of fast strength. Therefore, the research on fast strength training has been a hot issue in strength training for many years. Childhood and adolescence are sensitive periods for the natural growth of rapid strength, which can achieve twice the result with half the effort. The combination of rapid expansion and expansion combined the speed quality and strength quality of the body, which has been widely recognized at home and abroad. However, there are few researches on the interface of lower extremity rapid stretching composite exercises, and because of the special physiological characteristics of bones and muscles in childhood and adolescence, it is still open to question what kind of ground should be chosen for rapid stretching composite exercises. Therefore, in this study, children and adolescents aged 11-13 years were selected as the research objects. On the basis of consulting literature, interviewing experts and taking different contact interfaces as the starting point, the subjects were divided into control group. Group A and group B were tested. Control group (artificial lawn) exercise, experimental group A for sand practice, experimental group B for sand, hard ground combination exercise, and the results of statistical analysis of the experimental results, finally reached the following conclusions: 1. After the experiment, the free longitudinal jump, standing long jump, standing triple jump and 30-meter race in the hard ground training group were higher than those in the hard ground group and sandy land group, and there were significant differences. It can be seen that compared with the simple sand and hard ground exercises, the combination of hard ground surface rapid stretching composite exercises can effectively improve the lower extremity rapid strength of children and adolescents. 2. Compared with the hard grassland, the softness of the sandy land prolongs the muscle lengthening and shortens the period, weakens the effect of the fast stretching compound exercise, and the test results of this group are obviously lower than that of the hard ground exercise group after the experiment. This proved to some extent the importance of treadmill speed in children and adolescents in the rapid expansion of the lower limb composite exercise. 3. Compared with hard ground exercise and combination exercise, it is more advantageous to improve the lower extremity rapid strength in the short term by the combined exercise of rapid expansion of sand surface, and sand exercise can improve the concentric contraction ability of extensor muscle of lower extremity. 4. Under the condition of hard ground, sand or sand, the combination of hard ground for 3 weeks or 6 weeks of rapid stretching compound exercise can not significantly improve the lower limb rapid strength of children and adolescents.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G808.1

【相似文献】