不同运动项目干预对大学新生执行功能影响的实践研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 13:31

本文选题：组合运动项目 + 单一运动项目　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:执行功能是一种复杂的、高级认知功能,对个体的身心发展起到重要的协调作用。良好的执行功能可以帮助个体有效地计划、实施多项任务,可以有效地增强个体自我约束、自我规范和自我管理能力。执行功能若出现某种障碍则会导致个体在认知、情绪和交往方面的消极影响,重则带来学习障碍、抑郁等不良症状。近些年研究发现大学生执行功能可以通过运动干预来改善,但是针对大学生执行功能的研究缺乏不同运动项目干预方案的比较,且在项目上多采用单一的运动干预方式。因此,如何采取有效干预手段提高大学生执行功能成为研究热点。本研究以篮球运动(简称“单一运动项目”)、篮球+健美操运动(简称“组合运动项目”)为运动干预方式,探究不同运动项目干预对大学新生执行功能的影响,为促进大学新生执行功能的发展提供理论支持,为针对性的提高大学新生的执行功能发展提供合理的运动干预方案。研究方法:选取扬州某大学3个班级的大学新生为研究对象,共119人,以班级为单位随机分为单一运动项目组(39名学生)、组合运动项目组(39名学生)和对照组(41名学生)。本研究对执行功能的三个子功能测量分别为:抑制功能采用Flanker任务进行评价;刷新功能采用2-back任务进行评价;转换功能采用More-odd shifting任务进行评价。执行功能三个子功能的测量在计算机上完成,所有程序都通过E-prime 1.1系统实现。研究结果:(1)不同运动项目干预对大学新生执行功能整体的影响具有差异性(F(2，116)=14.03,P0.01)。(2)不同运动项目干预对大学新生抑制功能的影响存在显著差异性(F(2,116)=33.94,P0.05),组合运动项目组单一运动项目组对照组。(3)不同运动项目干预对大学新生刷新功能的影响存在显著差异性(F(2,116)=8.96,P0.01),组合运动项目组单一运动项目组对照组。(4)不同运动项目干预对大学新生转换功能的影响存在差异性(F(2,116)=3.92,P0.01),组合运动项目组单一运动项目组对照组。研究结论:(1)单一、组合运动项目干预可提高大学新生的执行功能。(2)不同运动项目干预对执行功能整体及其各个子功能的影响具有差异性,组合运动项目组相较于单一运动项目组更有利于促进大学新生执行功能的提高。
[Abstract]:Objective: executive function is a complex, advanced cognitive function, which plays an important coordinating role in the physical and mental development of individuals. Good executive function can help individuals to plan and implement multiple tasks effectively, and can effectively enhance the ability of self-discipline, self-regulation and self-management. If there is some kind of obstacle in executive function, it will lead to the negative effects of cognition, emotion and communication, and the negative symptoms such as learning disability, depression and so on. In recent years, it is found that the executive function of college students can be improved by exercise intervention, but the research on the executive function of college students is lack of comparison of different sports intervention programs, and the single exercise intervention method is often used in the project. Therefore, how to take effective intervention measures to improve the executive function of college students has become a research hotspot. In this study, basketball (single sport) and basketball aerobics (combination sport) were taken as the means of sports intervention to explore the influence of different sports intervention on the executive function of college freshmen. It provides theoretical support for promoting the development of executive function of freshmen, and provides reasonable sports intervention program for improving the executive function of freshmen. Methods: a total of 119 freshmen from three classes in Yangzhou University were randomly divided into a single exercise project group (39 students) and a combined exercise project group (39 students) and a control group (41 students). In this study, the three sub-functions of the executive function are as follows: the suppression function is evaluated by the Flanker task, the refresh function is evaluated by the 2-back task, and the conversion function is evaluated by the More-odd shifting task. The measurement of the three sub-functions of the executive function is completed on the computer, and all programs are implemented through the E-prime 1.1 system. Results: (1) there are differences in the effects of different sports interventions on the overall executive function of freshmen. (F 2116n 14.03% P0.01N. 2) there are significant differences in the effects of different sports interventions on freshmen's inhibitory function. There are significant differences in the influence of different sports intervention on freshmen's refreshment function in exercise item group (P < 0.01), and the single exercise item group of combined exercise item group (control group, control group) has a significant difference on freshmen's refreshment function. There were differences in the effect of function between the two groups, the control group was single exercise item group and the control group was composed of exercise item group and single exercise item group. Conclusion: 1) single, combined exercise intervention can improve the executive function of freshmen. (2) the influence of different sports intervention on executive function as a whole and its sub-functions is different. Group sports group is more helpful to improve the executive function of college freshmen than that of single sports project group.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G807.4

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