我国优秀游泳运动员比赛技术参数的运动学特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 14:12

本文选题：游泳 + 技术参数　；参考：《广州体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2008年奥运会以来,我国竞技游泳水平不断提升,涌现了一大批优秀的游泳运动员,2012年伦敦奥运会更是以5金2银2铜的成绩名列奖牌榜第二位。尤其是男子项目的突破,改变了我国游泳阴盛阳衰的局面,为我国竞技游泳的崛起奠定了基础,故这一时期优秀游泳运动员的竞技成绩的发展特点值得我们深入研究。通过运用文献资料法、录像解析法、访谈法、数理统计法对我国现阶段的18名优秀游泳运动员的20个项目的国内外历年比赛的的成绩发展的上升阶段、平台阶段的曲线特征以及最佳成绩、运动年限和自身比赛技术参数等方面进行深入研究,并在研究过程中结合国外优秀游泳运动员的比赛成绩进行对比分析,旨在通过具体的比赛数据来剖析我国这一时期的优秀游泳运动员成绩发展曲线的特征和成绩技术参数的运动学特征,从而找出这一时期我国优秀游泳运动员其成绩发展的共性,进而推导其训练的特点和影响比赛成绩的主要技术参数特征,以期为今后的游泳运动员的培养与训练提供参考依据。主要研究结论如下:1、我国优秀游泳运动员成绩上升阶段曲线变化特征与国外优秀运动员相差无异,其出现最佳成绩的年龄不相上下,但国外运动员最佳成绩要优于国内运动员,且平台阶段的保持年限优于我国优秀运动员。2、划频与划幅是影响途中游速度的至关重要的因素,两者对速度的贡献关系呈负相关,所以两者的最佳组合才是提高速度的核心,教练员在速度训练中要从习惯注意运动员游的时间,而改变为兼顾运动员游的划频与划幅的变化;划频与划幅最佳组合是提高速度的必然结果,但组合的固化往往会造成速度障碍的出现,这就需要在训练把握两者最佳组合的度,打破原有的平衡才会有新的突破。3、当运动员竞技成绩进入平台阶段后,在比赛中使其各个技术指标达到最佳状态是运动员成绩的突破所在。我国优秀游泳运动员自身对比赛的技术参数调控能力较弱,缺乏在高速状态下使各技术指标达到最优的特点。4、训练规律控制运动员成绩发展的节奏,且与其身体变化的自然规律紧密相连。而影响这一过程的训练途径是多样化的,其训练效果取决于教练员训练规律的个体化程度,并能有效且合理地控制成绩发展的节奏。5、速度耐力(乳酸供能)的训练仍然是我国游泳训练面临的最大问题,我国优秀游泳运动员分段时间所体现出的分差变化特征,说明在发展速度与速度耐力训练之间还存在顾此失彼的现象,反映出速度和速度耐力的训练还处在探索阶段。
[Abstract]:Since the 2008 Olympic Games, the level of competitive swimming in China has been continuously improved, and a large number of outstanding swimmers have emerged. The 2012 London Olympic Games ranked second in the medal table with a result of 5 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze. In particular, the breakthrough of men's events has changed the situation of swimming prosperity and decline in China, and laid the foundation for the rise of competitive swimming in our country. Therefore, the development characteristics of competitive performance of elite swimmers in this period are worthy of further study. Through the use of literature, video analysis, interview, mathematical statistics of the current stage of 18 outstanding swimmers at home and abroad 20 events of the results of the development of the stage of development. The characteristics of the curve, the best results, the years of movement and the technical parameters of the competition are deeply studied, and the comparative analysis of the results of foreign elite swimmers is carried out in the course of the research. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the performance development curve and the kinematics characteristics of the performance technical parameters of the outstanding swimmers in this period through the specific competition data, so as to find out the generality of the performance development of the outstanding swimmers in this period. The characteristics of the training and the main technical parameters which affect the result of the competition are deduced in order to provide a reference for the training and training of the swimmers in the future. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the variation characteristics of the rising stage curve of Chinese elite swimmers are no different from those of foreign elite athletes, and the age of their best performance is the same, but the best performance of foreign athletes is better than that of domestic athletes. The duration of the platform stage is better than that of our country's elite athletes. The stroke frequency and stroke amplitude are the most important factors affecting the speed on the way, and the relationship between them is negatively related to the speed, so the best combination of the two is the core to improve the speed. In speed training, coaches should pay attention to athletes' swimming time instead of taking into account the changes of stroke frequency and stroke amplitude, and the best combination of stroke frequency and stroke amplitude is the inevitable result of increasing speed. However, the solidification of combination often leads to the emergence of speed obstacle, which requires the training to grasp the degree of the best combination of the two and to break the original balance before there will be a new breakthrough. 3. When the athletes enter the stage of platform, It is the breakthrough of athletes' performance to achieve the best state of each technical index in the competition. The ability of Chinese elite swimmers to adjust and control the technical parameters of the competition is relatively weak, and they lack the characteristics of making each technical index optimal at high speed. The training rules control the rhythm of the athletes' performance development. And closely linked to the natural laws of physical change. However, the training approaches that affect this process are diversified, and the training effect depends on the degree of individualization of the training rules of the coaches. The training of speed endurance (lactic acid) is still the biggest problem in swimming training in China. It shows that there is a phenomenon of neglecting one side or the other between developing speed and speed endurance training, which reflects that the training of speed and speed endurance is still in the exploratory stage.
【学位授予单位】：广州体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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