2000-2014年青海省3-6岁幼儿身体形态动态分析

发布时间：2018-05-09 18:41

本文选题：幼儿 + 身体形态　；参考：《青海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：身体形态是最直观直接反映人体体型特点的评价指标,而幼儿3~6岁时期是人体第一次快速生长发育阶段,在纵向、横向均有较快的发育速度,但是高度、宽度等快速发展在什么情况下是健康发展,需要用身体形态的各个指标来进行综合评价。青海省作为高寒高海拔多民族汇聚的地区,幼儿人群的成长环境较为特殊。自1995年《全民健身计划纲要》颁布以来,从2000年开始全国各省市全面开展每五年一次的国民体质监测,截止至2014年共进行4次。本研究正是通过自1995年后,2000—2014年间青海省国民体质监测中幼儿身体形态监测结果,运用数理统计法、逻辑分析法、建模分析法,分析总结出青海省在特殊的地理环境条件下,幼儿人群在身体形态上的连续动态变化,对已经过去的情况做合理的评价,建立模型对未来的发展趋势进行预测,并且与全国以及内地平原地区同龄幼儿进行比较找出优势和不足。研究结论:1、从总体情况来看,2000—2014年间青海省幼儿基本形态指标,包括身高、体重、坐高、胸围均呈现随年份增加逐渐升高的趋势,差异显著;以每一年为节点,表现为增幅幼男大于幼女,同时均值幼男高于幼女。在反应脂肪分布与堆积情况的形态指标,包括上臂皮褶、肩胛皮褶、腹部皮褶均呈现随年份增加先降低后升高趋势,在2010年达到最低水平,以每一年为节点,表现为幼男低于幼女。2、从城乡比较来看,各指标城乡幼儿人群均呈现随年份增加逐渐升高的趋势,除体重在2010年达到最高值,至2014年有所下降但仍高于2000年水平外,其余指标均为2014达到最高值。无论在增长幅度还是平均均值,均体现为城镇高于乡村,幼男高于幼女。3、从体质达标率来看,20年来青海省幼儿体质达标率在合格以上的,总体呈现随年份增加体质越来越好的趋势,并且幼儿男子体质合格率要略低于幼儿女子;体质达标率在不合格的,总体呈随年份增加人数越来越低的趋势。以城乡体质达标率比较来看,总体表现为城镇好于农村,但随着年份的增加,城乡差距越来越小。4、与全国同龄水平比较来看,除皮褶厚度高于全国水平外,其他均低于全国平均水平,其中身高、胸围、皮褶厚度三项指标幼男差距大于幼女,其他指标幼男差距小于幼女。5、通过数学建模灰列GM(1,1)预测未来青海省幼儿身体形态发展趋势,得到预测模型为:X(m+1)=(-4281.67665)e0.014328(m-1)+4271.67665,预测精准度为二级。建议:1、加大幼儿活动空间和游戏器材,尤其是加强乡村幼儿活动基础设施建设。2、在日常生活中,应注意合理的膳食搭配和生活习惯,以促进幼儿向健康的方向成长。3、通过饮食和运动可以改善体型,促进骨骼、肌肉快速生长和大脑发育,同时还应加强对幼儿活动指导人员培养。4、加大对幼儿启蒙教育的干预,缩小城乡经济、教育等方面的差距,在乡村多开展幼儿体质宣传教育。
[Abstract]:Body shape is the most direct evaluation index which directly reflects the characteristics of human body type, while the age of 3 to 6 years old is the first period of rapid growth and development of the human body. When the rapid development of width is a healthy development, we need to use the various indicators of body shape for comprehensive evaluation. Qinghai Province, as a region where many nationalities gather at high alpine and high altitude, has a special growing environment for young children. Since the promulgation of the National Fitness Program in 1995, national physique monitoring has been carried out every five years in all provinces and cities since 2000, and has been carried out four times up to 2014. Through the results of body shape monitoring in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2014 from 1995 to 2014, using mathematical statistics, logical analysis and modeling analysis, it is concluded that Qinghai Province is in the special geographical environment. The continuous dynamic changes in body shape of young children, the reasonable evaluation of the past situation, the establishment of a model to predict the future development trend, And compared with the children of the same age in the whole country and the inland plain area to find out the superiority and the insufficiency. Conclusion 1: 1, from the overall situation, the basic morphological indicators of young children in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2014, including height, weight, sitting height and chest circumference, all showed a trend of increasing gradually with the increase of the year, and the differences were significant, taking each year as the node. The growth rate of young males was higher than that of young girls, and the mean value of young males was higher than that of young girls. The morphological indexes of fat distribution and accumulation, including upper arm fold, scapular fold, abdominal skin fold, all showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase with the increase of year, and reached the lowest level in 2010, with each year as the node. From the comparison of urban and rural areas, all indicators showed a trend of increasing gradually with the increase of years, except that the body weight reached its highest value in 2010, but it was still higher than the level in 2000, except that the body weight reached its highest value in 2010, but it was still higher than the level in 2000. The other indexes were 2014 and reached the highest value. Both the growth rate and the average average value are reflected in the fact that the urban area is higher than that in the rural areas, and the young men are higher than the young girls .3. from the point of view of the physique reaching standard rate, in the past 20 years, the rate of reaching the standard for young children in Qinghai Province has been above the standard. The overall physique increased with the year, and the qualified rate of male constitution was slightly lower than that of the young woman, and if the physical fitness reached the standard rate, the total number of people increasing with the year was lower and lower. Compared with the same age level of the whole country, the urban and rural areas are better than the rural areas, but with the increase of years, the gap between urban and rural areas is smaller and smaller. Compared with the same age level of the whole country, the skinfold thickness is higher than the national level. The other indexes were lower than the national average, among which the difference of height, chest circumference and skinfold thickness was greater than that of young girls, and the difference of other indexes was smaller than that of young girls. The development trend of body shape of young children in Qinghai Province was predicted by mathematical modeling. The prediction model is: 1: 1: 4281.67665 e0.0143287665e) 4271.67665. The accuracy of prediction is second-order. It is suggested that the children should increase their activity space and play equipment, especially strengthen the infrastructure construction of rural children's activities. In their daily life, they should pay attention to the reasonable diet mix and living habits. In order to promote the healthy growth of young children, through diet and exercise can improve the shape, promote the rapid growth of bone, muscle and brain. At the same time, we should strengthen the training of young child activity guidance personnel, increase the intervention in early childhood education. Narrow the gap between urban and rural economy, education and other aspects, in rural areas to carry out health education for young children.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49

【参考文献】