北京市高校高水平田径运动员常见运动损伤的研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 00:29

本文选题：北京市 + 高校　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：竞技体育中田径的地位举足轻重。随着中国竞技田径的发展,竞技田径运动员,尤其是年轻高水平竞技运动员的负担越来越重。运动损伤作为田径训练与竞赛中的一支巨大阻力,会影响运动员的训练和成绩甚至是运动生涯。了解怎样合理预防和治疗运动损伤非常重要。本文通过文献研究、问卷调查等方法对北京高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤进行了研究,总结规律,从而得到损伤发生的原因等,并进一步提出针对性的预防和治疗手段,为运动员提供较为科学的理论依据。研究表明:1、北京市高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤高发部位为膝、足踝、小腿、腰背、髋和手腕,损伤率分别为21.3%、18.1%、16.0%、11.7%、10.6%和8.5%。同时,损伤部位与田径运动员从事的具体项目有密切联系。跑步和跳跃类运动员损伤集中在下肢;投掷类运动员损伤主要为上肢损伤。2、北京市高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤程度以轻度损伤为主,占损伤总人次的83.0%;其次为中度损伤,占损伤总人次的12.8%;重度损伤占损伤总人次的4.3%。3、北京市高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤性质与其从事的项目有关:跑步及投掷类项目的损伤主要为慢性损伤,跳跃类项目的损伤主要为急性损伤。4、北京市高校高水平田径运动员运动损伤发生时间主要在训练中,占67.0%,发生在训练前的损伤占12.8%,发生在训练后的损伤占20.2%。5、在北京市高校高水平田径运动员中发现常见运动损伤种类:跑步类运动常见损伤有小腿痉挛、前踝撞击、膝关节韧带扭伤、外胫夹、跟腱炎、膝关节炎、髋关节炎;跳跃类运动常见损伤有半月板撕裂、前踝撞击、跟腱撕裂、腰椎间盘突出、足底筋膜炎、踝关节扭伤、大腿肌肉拉伤;投掷类运动常见损伤有腕管综合征、SLAP撕裂、肩袖肌腱炎和撕裂、网球肘、肩部不稳定、手腕骨折。6、通常田径运动员出现损伤存在直接和间接两种原因。直接的原因是运动员自身的体能和训练等,而间接的原因则是运动的特点是否符合运动员的身体构造。7、田径运动损伤的应对策略包括损伤的预防、治疗和恢复。一般预防方式是体能训练和存储,使得身体素质有所提升,训练后要进行放松恢复,加强医疗监督管理。损伤发生时,从现场急救到后期送诊都不能耽误。而运动员在接受治疗之后,要有保持恢复的信心,积极配合恢复。
[Abstract]:The position of track and field is very important in competitive sports. With the development of competitive track and field in China, the burden of athletics athletes, especially young high level athletes, is becoming heavier and heavier. As a great resistance in track and field training and competition, sports injury will affect athletes' training and performance, even sports career. It is important to know how to prevent and treat sports injuries reasonably. In this paper, through the methods of literature study and questionnaire investigation, the author studies the sports injury of the high level track and field athletes in Beijing, summarizes the rules, and obtains the causes of the injury, and further puts forward the corresponding preventive and therapeutic measures. To provide more scientific theoretical basis for athletes. The results showed that the high incidence of sports injuries in Beijing's high level track and field athletes were knee, ankle, calf, waist, back, hip and wrist, and the injury rate was 21.318.1% and 16.0%, 11.710.6% and 8.5%, respectively. At the same time, the injury site and track and field athletes engaged in specific events are closely linked. The injuries of running and jumping athletes are mainly in the lower extremities, the injuries of throwing athletes are mainly upper limb injuries. The sports injuries of high level track and field athletes in Beijing are mainly light injuries, which account for 83.0 percent of the total number of injuries, and the second is moderate injuries. Serious injuries accounted for 4.33% of the total number of injuries. The nature of sports injuries of high level track and field athletes in Beijing colleges and universities was related to the events they were engaged in: the injuries in running and throwing events were mainly chronic injuries. The injury of jumping events is mainly acute injury. 4. The time of injury of high level track and field athletes in Beijing colleges and universities is mainly in training. The injuries occurred before training accounted for 12.8, and those after training accounted for 20.20.The common types of sports injuries were found in the high level track and field athletes of Beijing University: the common injuries of running sports included calf spasms, anterior malleolus impact, and so on. Knee joint ligament sprain, external tibial clamp, Achilles tendinitis, knee arthritis, hip arthritis; leaping sports common injuries such as meniscus tear, anterior malleolus impact, Achilles tendon tear, lumbar disc herniation, plantar fasciitis, ankle sprain, The common injuries in thighs and thighs include carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff tendinitis and tears, tennis elbow, shoulder instability, wrist fracture. The direct reason is the athlete's own physical ability and training, while the indirect reason is whether the sports characteristic accords with the athlete's body structure. The coping strategy of track and field injury includes the prevention, treatment and recovery of the injury. The general way of prevention is physical training and storage, so that the physical quality is improved. After training, we should relax and restore, strengthen medical supervision and management. When the injury occurs, there can be no delay from the first aid on the spot to the later consultation. After receiving treatment, athletes should have the confidence to maintain recovery and actively cooperate with recovery.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G82;R873

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