自我损耗对自我效能的影响

发布时间：2018-05-31 02:11

本文选题：自我控制 + 自我损耗　；参考：《北京体育大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：自我控制对于运动员的重要性不言而喻。运动员在训练和比赛中都需要不断地进行自我控制,包括维持合理的思维方式以及积极的心态。这些自我控制行为也不断消耗自我控制资源,进而产生自我损耗。自我损耗,是指由于自我控制资源的损耗而导致的自我控制能力暂时下降的现象。自我效能对于运动员同样不可或缺。作为对自己获得成功的能力的信念,自我效能容易发生波动,特别是在关键比赛或比赛的关键比分,这种波动会更加明显。本研究探讨了自我损耗对自我效能的影响。作者假设,自我损耗可能会对自我效能产生不利影响,但这种不利影响可以通过补偿策略加以控制。本论文通过3项研究8个实验检验了这一假设。研究1通过3个实验探讨了自我损耗对不同类型自我效能的影响。实验1探讨自我损耗对一般自我效能的影响。结果发现,自我损耗参与者与非自我损耗参与者《一般自我效能量表》得分之间的差异不具有统计学显著性。实验2a探讨了自我损耗对认知任务自我效能的影响。结果发现,与非自我损耗参与者相比,自我损耗参与者比较自我效能和表现自我效能更低。实验2b探讨了自我损耗对操作任务自我效能的影响。结果发现,与非自我损耗参与者相比,自我损耗参与者比较自我效能和表现自我效能更低。研究2通过3个实验探讨了影响自我损耗和自我效能关系的调节变量。实验3探讨乐观特质对自我损耗和自我效能关系的调节作用。结果发现,无论高乐观特质参与者,还是低乐观参与者,经历自我损耗后,其自我效能均会降低。实验4探讨了任务难度对自我损耗和自我效能关系的调节作用。结果发现,对于高难度的飞镖投掷任务,自我损耗对自我效能的影响更大。实验5探讨的是压力情境对自我损耗和自我效能关系的调节作用。结果发现,在压力情境下,自我损耗对自我效能的影响更大。研究3通过2个实验探讨了自我损耗降低自我效能的补偿策略。实验6a探讨了金钱奖励对自我损耗降低表现自我效能的补偿作用。结果发现,与没有接受补偿的参与者相比,接受金钱奖励的参与者的表现自我效能更高。实验6b探讨了榜样启动对自我损耗降低比较自我效能的补偿作用。结果发现,与没有接受补偿的参与者相比,接受榜样启动的参与者的比较自我效能更高。3项研究的结果说明,自我损耗降低自我效能。但这种不利影响可以通过补偿策略加以控制。这提示,运动员由于自我损耗而产生自我效能的降低,需要通过补偿策略来控制这种不利影响。
[Abstract]:The importance of self-control to athletes is self-evident. Athletes need constant self-control in both training and competition, including maintaining a reasonable way of thinking and a positive attitude. These self-control behaviors also consume self-controlled resources, which leads to self-loss. Self-loss refers to the temporary decline of self-control ability caused by the depletion of self-controlled resources. Self-efficacy is also essential for athletes. As a belief in your ability to succeed, self-efficacy is more volatile, especially in key matches or key scores. This study explores the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy. The authors hypothesize that self-loss may have a negative effect on self-efficacy, but this negative effect can be controlled by compensatory strategies. In this paper, this hypothesis is tested by three studies and eight experiments. In study 1, the effects of self-loss on different types of self-efficacy were investigated through three experiments. Experiment 1 explores the effect of self-loss on general self-efficacy. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the scores of self-loss participants and non-self-loss participants in the general self-efficacy scale. In experiment 2 a, the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy of cognitive task was investigated. The results showed that self-loss participants were lower than non-self-loss participants in self-efficacy and performance self-efficacy. Experiment 2 b explores the effect of self-loss on self-efficacy of operational tasks. The results showed that self-loss participants were lower than non-self-loss participants in self-efficacy and performance self-efficacy. In study 2, three experiments were conducted to explore the regulatory variables that affect the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. Experiment 3 explores the role of optimistic traits in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that the self-efficacy of both high-optimistic participants and low-optimistic participants decreased after self-depletion. Experiment 4 explores the role of task difficulty in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that for difficult darts throwing task, self-loss had more influence on self-efficacy. Experiment 5 explores the role of stress situations in regulating the relationship between self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that self-loss had a greater effect on self-efficacy in stress situations. In study 3, two experiments were conducted to explore the compensation strategies for reducing self-loss and self-efficacy. In experiment 6, we investigated the compensatory effect of monetary reward on self-loss and self-efficacy. The results showed that participants who received monetary rewards were more self-efficacy than those who did not receive compensation. In experiment 6 b, the compensation effect of role model priming on self-efficiency was investigated. The results showed that compared with those without compensation, participants who received role models had higher self-efficacy than those who did not receive compensation. The results of three studies showed that self-loss reduced self-efficacy. However, this adverse effect can be controlled by compensation strategy. This suggests that the loss of self-efficacy of athletes should be controlled by compensatory strategies.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G804.8

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