反应速度素质干预练习对青少年短跑运动员起跑反应效果的研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 20:52

本文选题：反应速度素质 + 干预练习　；参考：《天津体育学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：充分利用青少年反应素质发展的敏感期,在短跑基础训练阶段提高运动员的反应素质水平,对培养高水平的短跑运动员奠定基础具有重要的现实意义。本文以天津市南开区业余体校50名青少年短跑运动员为研究对象,综合运用文献资料法、实验法和数理统计法等研究方法,在原有训练计划基础上对研究对象实施为期12周的反应速度素质干预训练,探讨反应速度素质干预训练对青少年短跑运动员起跑反应效果,本研究得出如下结论:(1)实施反应速度素质干预练习,实验对象实验前后的声简单反应时和光简单反应时的测试成绩均存在显著差异性。(2)以游戏形式为主要内容的反应速度素质训练,对提高青少年男女运动员的运动反应时和运动完成时有显著性的效果。(3)有针对性地对运动员的触觉、听觉、视觉方面进行了辨别和选择方向的训练,有助于提高青少年短跑运动员在蹲踞式起跑中对发令枪声的辨别和选择以及提高运动员的注意力。(4)实施“反应速度素质”干预练习,男运动员实验后起跑反应时提高幅度为2.34%,女运动员实验后起跑反应时提高幅度为1.98%,男女运动员实验前后起跑反应时测试成绩存在显著的差异性。同时对青少年短跑运动员的反应速度素质训练提出以下建议:(1)在设计反应速度素质训练方案的过程中,负荷安排要合理、有效;训练方法和手段的选择上除了要有反应速度素质训练方面的内容,还要有与起跑技术动作方面有关的训练内容,并且要新奇、有趣味、有吸引力;在训练时间的安排上除了每次训练的时间不能太长外,选择训练的时间段也要适宜,尽量选择运动员机能状态比较好的时间段。(2)教练员要抓住青少年运动员反应速度素质发展的特殊时期,对青少年短跑运动员实施科学有效的反应速度素质训练方案,以提高运动员的起跑反应时。(3)要从运动员的触觉、听觉、视觉感受器对于外界信号刺激强度的敏感程度、中枢神经系统对接受到的复杂信息处理速度、效应器作出动作的敏感程度、神经系统的传导时间以及起跑技术的改进提高来提高运动员的反应时。(4)在对青少年短跑员实施反应速度素质训练时首先要对青少年运动员的生理特点和心理特点做出正确的分析,将训练安排在常规训练之前,要对运动员进行起跑技术的训练,在训练过程中要提高运动员的注意力和调节其情绪状态。(5)反应速度素质每次训练的时间不能太长,应安排在20分钟左右。
[Abstract]:It is of great practical significance to make full use of the sensitive period of the development of teenagers' reaction quality and to improve the level of reaction quality of the athletes in the basic training stage of sprint, which is of great practical significance for the training of high level sprinters. In this paper, 50 juvenile sprinters in Nankai District of Tianjin are studied, and the methods of literature, experiment and mathematical statistics are used. On the basis of the original training plan, the participants were trained for 12 weeks in response speed quality intervention, and the effect of reaction speed quality intervention training on the initial reaction of young sprinters was discussed. The conclusion of this study is as follows: 1) implementing intervention exercises of reaction speed and quality, Before and after the experiment, there were significant differences between the test scores of simple acoustic reaction time and light simple reaction time. It has a significant effect on improving the sports reaction time and finishing time of young male and female athletes. It has been trained to distinguish and choose the direction of the athletes' tactile, auditory and visual aspects. It is helpful to improve the young sprinters' discrimination and selection of firing shots in squat starting, and to improve the attention of the athletes. 4) to carry out the "reaction speed quality" intervention exercise. The increase range of starting reaction time was 2.34 for male athletes and 1.98 for female athletes. There was significant difference between male and female athletes before and after the test. At the same time, the following suggestions are put forward for the training of reaction speed quality of young sprinters: 1) in the course of designing the training scheme of reaction speed quality, the load arrangement should be reasonable and effective; In the selection of training methods and means, there should be not only the content of the training of reaction speed and quality, but also the training content related to the technical movements of the starting race, and it should be novel, interesting and attractive; In terms of training time arrangement, apart from the length of each training session, it is also necessary to choose a suitable training time period. The coaches should grasp the special period of the development of the reaction speed quality of the young athletes, and carry out scientific and effective training program of the reaction speed quality for the young sprinters. In order to improve the athletes' starting reaction, we should consider the sensitivity of the athletes' tactile, auditory and visual receptors to the intensity of the external signal stimulation, and the complex information processing speed of the central nervous system docking. The sensitivity of the effector to the action, Improving the conduction time of nervous system and the improvement of starting technique to improve the athletes' reaction time. 4) in carrying out the training of the reaction speed quality to the young sprinters, the physiological and psychological characteristics of the young athletes should be given first. Make the right analysis, Before the training is scheduled for routine training, the athletes should be trained in starting skills. During the training process, the attention of the athletes should be improved and their emotional state should be adjusted. 5) the quality of reaction speed should not be trained for too long each time. It should be arranged for about 20 minutes.
【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G822.1

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