老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 21:05

本文选题：老年人 + 休闲性体力活动　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市建成环境与老年人休闲性体力活动的研究构成了国际公共健康领域研究新的热点。本文在系统分析老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境内涵、内在制约因素、知识体系以及评价原则基础上,利用结构方程模型对老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境的指标体系展开研究,寻找一条具有科学性、普遍性和可持续性的老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价路径。之后,利用模糊综合评价方法对老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境进行评价应用研究,把握城市社区老年人对于休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境的关注焦点和满意度,反映城市社区建成环境存在的不足,以此结合有效的规划手段制定促进老年人休闲性体力活动的对策建议。通过分析得出结论:(1)构建出老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价指标体系,包括5个一级指标、16个二级指标。(2)提出假设模型,即目的地可及性、活动环境及设施安全性、活动环境美观性、居住适宜性和交通通达性对老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境有正向影响。通过结构方程模型计算得出相对拟合指数、绝对拟合指数和简约拟合指数等指标,验证老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价模型与数据相匹配,模型拟合可以接受,本研究提出的假设模型成立。(3)使用标准化估计值模型路径系数计算指标权重,即通过因子负荷系数计算权重大小,求出指标权重以及各个维度的权重,进行赋权,可为后续的将来相关研究提供了理论指导。(4)从社区老年人群视角出发,结合南京市栖霞区尧化门街道4个社区的案例,以老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价指标体系为依据,采用模糊评价法进行休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境评价。结果表明,老年人休闲性体力活动城市社区建成环境的模糊综合评价结果偏低,城市社区建成环境存在“短板”问题。具体看来老年人关注出行交通条件、配套基础设施和环境卫生情况,而社区治安和居住适宜性关注较少。老年人对交通通达性和配套基础设施较满意,而对居住适宜性和目的地可及性的评价较低。由此建议城市社区针对老年人关注度较低的因子,应采取有针对性的渐进式改善模式。对于关注度较高同时满意度也较高的因子,未来应在现有环境基础上更加完善强化。对于低关注度高满意度的因子,城市社区可以暂缓规划不作为重点,优先解决其他环境问题。
[Abstract]:The study of urban built environment and leisure physical activity of the elderly constitutes a new research hotspot in the field of international public health. Based on the systematic analysis of the connotation of the urban community building environment, the inherent restrictive factors, the knowledge system and the evaluation principle, the paper analyzes the leisure physical activity of the elderly. Based on the structural equation model, this paper studies the index system of the environment built in the urban community of the elderly leisure physical activity, in order to find a scientific one. Universal and sustainable recreational physical activity of the elderly urban communities built an environmental assessment path. After that, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate and apply the urban community built environment of the elderly leisure physical activity, we can grasp the attention focus and satisfaction of the elderly in the urban community for the leisure physical activity urban community built environment. It reflects the deficiency of the built environment in the urban community, so as to make the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the leisure physical activity of the elderly combined with the effective planning means. Conclusion: 1) construct an environmental evaluation index system of urban community for recreational physical activity of the elderly, including 5 first-grade indicators and 16 second-level indicators. (2) propose a hypothetical model, that is, destination accessibility. The safety of the activity environment and facilities, the aesthetics of the activity environment, the suitability of residence and the accessibility of traffic have positive effects on the urban community building environment of the elderly leisure physical activity. The relative fitting index, absolute fitting index and reduced fitting index were obtained by calculating the structural equation model. It was verified that the environmental evaluation model built by the elderly leisure physical activity city community matched with the data, and the model fitting was acceptable. The hypothetical model proposed in this study is established. (3) using the standardized estimation value model path coefficient to calculate the index weight, that is, to calculate the weight through the factor load coefficient, to calculate the index weight and the weight of each dimension, and to weight the index. From the perspective of community elderly people, combined with the case of four communities in Qixia District, Nanjing City, Yaohuamen Street, Based on the evaluation index system of the urban community building environment for the elderly leisure physical activity, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the urban community building environment of the leisure physical activity city. The results showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of the urban community built environment for the elderly leisure physical activity were low, and the problem of "short board" existed in the urban community built environment. In particular, the elderly pay attention to travel conditions, supporting infrastructure and environmental hygiene, but less attention is paid to community security and residence suitability. The elderly people are satisfied with the transportation accessibility and supporting infrastructure, but the evaluation of residence suitability and destination accessibility is low. Therefore, it is suggested that the urban community should adopt a targeted progressive improvement model in view of the factors of low attention to the elderly. In the future, the factors of higher attention and higher satisfaction should be improved and strengthened on the basis of the existing environment. For the factors of low attention and high satisfaction, urban communities can defer planning as a focus and give priority to solving other environmental problems.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G812.48

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