我国优秀男子100米运动员赛前准备活动情况的调查与研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 19:51

  本文选题：100米跑 + 赛前准备活动　； 参考：《武汉体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：田径运动在人类长期社会实践和劳动中不断发展起来的,因此田径运动又称为“运动之母”。近几年来,田径运动成绩不断提高,涌现出一大批优秀运动员,世界纪录不断被改写。这样的发展趋势促使教练员和运动员们不断刻苦训练,改进训练技术和方法,跟上世界先进潮流。准备活动是田径运动训练和比赛中必不可少的环节。了解准备活动的作用和目的,合理安排赛前准备活动的时间、强度以及与正式比赛的时间间隔,正确选择准备活动的内容和形式,是每个教练员和运动员都应该认真重视和对待,更应该科学规划。赛前准备活动做充足,不但可以提高大脑皮层和中枢神经的兴奋性,促进人体机能尽快进入工作状态状态,而且还可以提高运动员的运动表现和竞技能力水平的发挥,从而有利于达到预期的目标和创造良好的运动成绩。本文通过文献资料法、访问调查法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,对当前我国优秀男子短跑运动员赛前准备活动的相关情况进行调查和研究。从影响准备活动的生理效应因素入手,通过对运动员赛前准备活动的时间、强度与正式比赛之间的间隔以及内容和形式进行研究分析,从而得出以下结论:1、我们在安排赛前准备活动中内容和形式上除了延续以往的形式和内容,还应重视核心躯干的激活,加入有关核心躯干的练习,这样我们的准备活动效果更好,更有利于运动员发挥最佳水平;2、运动员在安排赛前准备活动时间时,要根据实际情况来看,运动员的年龄和自身能力等因素来确定赛前准备活动的时间,根据各种实际情况在安排准备活动时可适当延长,但基本维持在70—90分钟之间;3、在制定赛前准备活动时,从起始心率开始,逐渐增加运动强度,使机体克服生理惰性,逐渐适应比赛强度,进入工作状态,直至在加速跑环节接近或达到正式比赛强度,最后再缓慢降低,让身体得到一定的休息和调整;4、在正式比赛前进行较短时间的休息有利于运动员创造较好的运动成绩,研究表明赛前准备活动与正式比赛的时间间隔13分钟更易发挥运动员最佳水平,取得更好成绩。5、为了能更好的达到预期的运动效果,使运动员能创造更好的成绩。在组织和安排赛前准备活动时,应按照全面性、科学性和针对性等原则。
[Abstract]:Track and field sports in human long-term social practice and labor continue to develop, so track and field sports also known as "the mother of sports." In recent years, track and field performance has been improved, a large number of outstanding athletes have emerged, the world record has been constantly rewritten. This trend urges coaches and athletes to train hard, improve training techniques and methods, and keep up with the world's advanced trends. Preparation is an essential part of track and field training and competition. Understand the role and purpose of the preparatory activities, arrange the time, intensity and time interval between the preparatory activities and the formal competition, and correctly select the content and form of the preparatory activities. It is every coach and athlete should take seriously and treat, more should plan scientifically. If we do enough pre-competition preparation activities, we can not only improve the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the central nervous system, promote the human body to enter the working state as soon as possible, but also improve the athletic performance and competitive ability of the athletes. This is conducive to achieving the desired goals and creating good sports results. Through the methods of literature, interview investigation, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this paper investigates and studies the relevant situation of pre-competition preparation activities of elite male sprinters in China. Starting with the physiological effect factors affecting the preparation activities, this paper studies and analyzes the time, intensity, and the content and form of the pre-competition preparation activities of the athletes, as well as the interval between the intensity and the formal competition. From this we can draw the following conclusion: 1. In arranging the pre-match preparatory activities, we should not only continue the past forms and contents, but also attach importance to the activation of the core torso and join in the exercises on the core torso. In this way, our preparatory activities will have a better effect, and will be more conducive to the athletes playing their best level. When arranging pre-match preparation activities, athletes should look at the actual situation. The athlete's age and ability to determine the pre-competition preparation time, according to the actual situation in the arrangement of preparatory activities can be appropriately extended, but basically maintained in the 70-90 minutes, in the development of pre-competition preparation activities, Starting from the beginning of the heart rate, gradually increasing the intensity of the exercise, making the body overcome the physiological inertia, gradually adapt to the intensity of the competition, and enter the working state until it approaches or reaches the formal intensity of the race in the accelerated running link, and finally decreases slowly. Let the body get a certain rest and adjust. Taking a short rest before the formal competition is good for the athletes to create better sports results. The research shows that the interval of 13 minutes between pre-match preparation and formal competition is easier to play the best level of athletes and obtain better results. In order to achieve the expected results better athletes can create better results. In organizing and arranging the pre-competition preparation activities, the principles of comprehensiveness, scientificalness and pertinence should be followed.
【学位授予单位】：武汉体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.1

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