高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价体系的构建研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:37

本文选题：高校 + 中跑　；参考：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：竞技能力是运动训练的目的与竞技比赛的核心。运用竞技能力评价体系在训练过程中监控运动员的训练状态和身体机能情况,依据反馈的信息及时调整训练计划与内容,能够提高训练过程的时效性和针对性,从而使运动训练更加科学化。虽然近些年专家学者对于竞技能力的研究层出不穷,但是几乎所有的研究都是以世界或国内顶尖的优秀运动员为研究对象,以高校运动员竞技能力为研究对象的文献资料十分匮乏,对高校中跑运动员竞技能力的研究更如凤毛麟角。对优秀运动员竞技能力的研究固然具有实践价值和指导作用,但是并不能说明其研究结果对所有运动员都适用,因为每个运动员都是个性化个体,运动训练也是个体的发展过程,必须符合“自目标(自己制定的发展目标)”发展规律,套用他人的标准和模式有可能会出现“失标”现象。由于竞技能力结构的复杂、检测繁琐,加上大多高校硬性条件的限制,很多优秀范本里的指标在高校实际的训练过程中并不经常使用,比如血乳酸、血红蛋白含量等,这些指标对中跑运动员固然非常重要,但是由于很多高校检测仪器的缺乏、检测过程的繁琐导致教练员在实际训练过程中并不经常使用,因而现在大多数高校教练员仍然根据自己的经验来简单、模糊的判断运动员的竞技能力水平,这样就大大的弱化了训练过程的科学化程度。考虑到目前高校中跑训练的现实情况,找到一条既简便易行又不失科学化的评价体系,是本研究展开的出发点。经大量走访专家及高校一线教练,并较长时间跟队探究实践,确立和完成了“高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用自目标评价体系”的构建。试图以此来为普通高校中跑运动教练员提供一个实用竞技能力“自目标”构建与评价方法,以便更好的为高校运动员创造佳绩服务。为此,本文采用文献资料法、层次分析法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、实地测量法等,以高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价体系为研究对象,参考竞技能力相关理论及中跑项目特点,结合普通高校中跑训练实际,在无生理生化检测仪器设备的前提下,突出实用指标的筛选与检测项目的认定,以“某”运动员自定发展目标为导向,构建出普通高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价体系,并加以实证研究。结论如下:(1)根据指标设计原则及中跑项目特点,初选了高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价体系的指标,以及根据两轮专家调查问卷整理的结果,构建了高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价指标体系,主要包括身体形态、身体机能、运动素质、技术能力、心理能力、战术能力、运动智能7个一级指标及其包含的、突出属性的9个二级指标、13个三级指标。其中,身体形态指标由充实度构成;身体机能指标由心血管系统构成;运动素质指标由耐力、速度、力量构成;技术能力指标由动作节奏构成;战术能力指标由战术形式构成;心理能力指标由运动意志构成;运动智能指标由运动观察构成。(2)根据高校中跑运动员指标权重调查问卷中各级指标重要程度赋值及两两比较分配情况,运用层次分析法,确定了高校中跑运动员竞技能力评价体系各级指标的权重。(3)确定了高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价指标体系的评价方法。计算出各项三级指标权重以后,制定各项三级指标成绩评分标准,假设竞技能力为U,各三级指标权重为u1、u2、u3……un评分标准分值为x1、x2、x3……xn,那么U=u1×x1+u2×x2+u3×x3+……+un×xn。其结果使得中跑运动员竞技能力得到了更加客观的体现,运动员竞技能力评价形式更加准确,但也使得计算量变得较大。(4)运用实例验证了高校中跑运动员竞技能力实用“自目标”评价体系的可行性。通过对鞠凯竞技能力实用“自目标”的评价,能科学、综合、客观的反映其竞技能力,供教练员训练监控进行参考,为计划训练阶段、控制负荷强度、调整训练内容与手段提供了一定的科学依据。
[Abstract]:Competitive ability is the goal of sports training and the core of competitive competition. Using the evaluation system of competitive ability to monitor the training state and physical function of athletes during the training process, adjust the training plan and content in time according to the information of feedback, can improve the timeliness and pertinence of the training process, so that the exercise training will be more scientific. Although the experts and scholars have been studying competitive ability in recent years, almost all the research is based on the top elite athletes in the world or at home. The literature of college athletes' competitive ability is very scarce, and the research on the athletic ability of middle school runners is rare. It is of practical value and guiding role to study the competitive ability of excellent athletes, but it does not show that the research results are suitable for all athletes, because each athlete is individual individual, and sports training is also the process of individual development, which must conform to the development rule of "self target (the development goal made by oneself)". The phenomenon of "losing standard" may occur with the standards and patterns of others. Because of the complexity of the competitive ability structure, tedious detection and the restriction of hard conditions in most colleges and universities, many excellent indexes are not often used in the actual training process of colleges and universities, such as blood lactate, hemoglobin content and so on. Although the staff is very important, but due to the lack of testing instruments in many colleges and universities, the tedious process of testing causes the coaches in the actual training process is not often used, so most of the coaches of colleges and universities are still based on their own experience and are simple and fuzzy to judge the athletic ability level of the athletes, which greatly weakened the training. The scientific degree of the process. Taking into account the current situation of middle running training in Colleges and universities, finding a simple and easy and scientific evaluation system is the starting point of this study. After a large number of visits to experts and college frontline coaches, and a long time to explore the practice with the team, the competitive ability of middle school runners has been established and completed. The construction of the practical self target evaluation system is intended to provide a practical competitive ability "self target" construction and evaluation method for the middle running trainers in Colleges and universities in order to better serve the athletes of colleges and universities. Therefore, this paper adopts the literature method, the layer analysis method, the questionnaire survey method, the mathematical statistics method and the field. Measuring method and so on, taking the practical "self target" evaluation system of the competitive ability of middle school runners as the research object, referring to the related theories of competitive ability and the characteristics of middle distance running projects, combined with the practice of middle run training in ordinary colleges and universities, under the premise of no physiological and biochemical testing instrument and equipment, the identification of the screening and testing items of the actual target is highlighted. "The goal of self determined development of athletes is guided, and a practical" self target "evaluation system for the competitive ability of middle school runners in ordinary colleges and universities is constructed and an empirical study is made. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the principle of the index design and the characteristics of the middle distance race, the index of the practical" self target "evaluation system for the competitive ability of middle school runners in Colleges and universities is selected. According to the results of two rounds of expert questionnaire, the practical "self target" evaluation index system of competitive ability of middle school runners is constructed, which mainly include body shape, body function, sports quality, technical ability, psychological ability, tactical ability, and sports intelligence 7 first grade indexes and their inclusion, 9 two grade indexes of outstanding attributes, 13 indexes. The body shape index is composed of the fullness of the body shape index; the body function index is composed of the cardiovascular system; the index of sports quality consists of endurance, speed and strength; the index of technical ability is composed of action rhythm; tactical ability index is made up of tactical form; psychological energy index is composed of motion will; sports intelligence index is composed of motion outlook. (2) according to the important degree assignment and 22 comparison distribution in the questionnaire of the index weight of middle school runners in Colleges and universities, the weight of the indicators at all levels in the competitive ability evaluation system of middle school runners is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. (3) the practical "self target" evaluation of the competitive ability of middle school runners is determined. After calculating the evaluation method of the standard system, after calculating the weight of every three grade index, the score standard of every three grade index is set up, assuming that the competitive ability is U, the weight of each three level index is U1, U2, and u3.un score standard is x1, X2, x3.xn, then U=u1 * x1+u2 x x2+u3 x x3+.+un * xn. results make the athletic ability of middle runners get more guest. The evaluation form of athletes' competitive ability is more accurate, but it also makes the amount of calculation bigger. (4) the feasibility of the practical "self target" evaluation system of the athletic ability of middle school runners is verified by an example. By the evaluation of the practical "self target" of the competitive ability of Ju Kai, it can be scientifically, synthetically and objectively reflecting its competitive skills. It provides a scientific basis for planning training stage, controlling load intensity, adjusting training contents and means.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G822.2

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