跨步和跳步急停跳投对高校篮球爱好者膝关节生物力学特征影响

发布时间：2018-07-06 12:06

本文选题：膝关节损伤 + 生物力学特征　；参考：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:了解跨步和跳步急停跳投对膝关节生物力学特征的影响。探究膝关节损伤风险并提出预防措施等。为广大篮球教练提供教学和改进动作的理论依据。也为篮球爱好者和后续研究的科研人员提供一些依据和参考。研究方法:受试者为8名年龄在20-25岁的北京体育大学本科男子篮球爱好者。采用Motion Systems红外光点高速运动捕捉测试系统(200Hz),Kistler测力台(1000Hz)同步采集运动学和动力学数据,采用单因素重复测量方差分析比较这两种不同跳投动作对篮球爱好者膝关节生物力学特征的差异以及用独立样本T检验去比较同一跳投动作两个膝关节之间的差异。研究结果:跨步急停跳投在人体缓冲最大瞬间重心高度较低(p0.05)。跳步急停跳投垂直地面反作用力峰值较大(p0.05)。垂直地面反作用力峰值瞬间,跨步急停跳投前脚膝角对比后脚或跳步急停双脚膝角来说较小(p0.05),前脚外旋角较大(p0.05),前脚矢状轴方向受力较大(p0.05),前脚伸膝和外旋力矩较大(p0.05)。此瞬间,跳步急停跳投双膝垂直方向受力较大(p0.05)。研究结论:1.运动学特征为跨步急停跳投的重心低于跳步急停跳投。垂直地面反作用力峰值瞬间跨步急停跳投前脚膝角相比于后脚或者跳步急停跳投的双脚来说更小,而且在此时前脚的外旋角的角度较大。2.动力学特征为跳步急停跳投垂直地面反作用力峰值大于跨步急停跳投。垂直体面反作用力峰值瞬间,跨步急停跳投的前脚在矢状轴方向所受的力要大于同动作的后脚,对比跳步急停跳投来说也是如此。但跳步急停跳投的双膝所受的垂直方向的力要明显大于跨步急停跳投的。跨步急停跳投在垂直地面反作用力峰值瞬间前脚所对应的膝关节的伸膝和外旋力矩大于跳步急停跳投的。3.跨步急停跳投前脚缓冲最大瞬间由于膝关节角度过小以及更大的外旋角度,使内外侧副韧带或半月板损伤的风险加大。跨步急停跳投的前脚膝关节伸力较大,增加了前交叉韧带损伤的风险。跳步急停跳投双膝受到垂直方向力的峰值要大于跨步急停跳投,可能增大髌腱和前交叉韧带的损伤风险。跨步急停跳投在垂直地面反作用力峰值时刻的前脚膝关节伸膝和外旋力矩大于跳步急停跳投的,由于蹬伸和扭转存在更大的损伤风险。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effects of stride and jump jumper on the biomechanical characteristics of knee joint. To explore the risk of knee joint injury and put forward preventive measures. For the majority of basketball coaches to provide teaching and improve the movement of the theoretical basis. Also for basketball lovers and follow-up research personnel to provide some basis and reference. Methods: eight male basketball enthusiasts aged 20-25 were enrolled in the study. The kinematics and dynamics data are collected synchronously by using Motion Systems infrared light point high-speed motion capture test system (200Hz) and Kistler dynamometer (1000Hz). Single factor repeated measurement variance analysis was used to compare the difference of the biomechanical characteristics of the knee joint between the two different jumper movements and the independent sample T test to compare the difference between the two knee joints of the same jumper motion. Results: the height of the center of gravity in the human body buffer was lower (p0.05). The peak value of vertical ground reaction force of jump shot is larger than that of jump shot (p0.05). At the peak moment of the vertical ground reaction, the angle of the front knee of the stride jumper is smaller than that of the rear foot or jump foot (p0.05), the external rotation angle of the forefoot is larger (p0.05), the sagittal axis of the front foot is larger (p0.05), and the outstretched knee and the external rotation moment of the front foot are larger (p0.05). At this moment, jump shot knee vertical force is greater (p0.05). Conclusion: 1. The kinematics characteristic is that the center of gravity of jump shot is lower than that of jump jumper. The angle of the front knee of the jump shot is smaller than that of the rear foot or the jump shot, and the angle of the outer rotation angle of the front foot is larger than that of the rear foot or the jump jumper shot, and the angle of the outer rotation angle of the front foot is larger than that of the rear foot or the jump-stop jumper. The dynamic characteristic is that the peak value of vertical ground reaction force is larger than that of stride jumper. At the peak moment of the vertical decent reaction, the forward foot of the stride jumper is stronger in the sagittal axis than the rear foot in the same action, and the same is true for the jump shot. But the vertical force on both knees of jump jumper is obviously greater than that of stride jumper. The knee extension and external rotation torque of the knee corresponding to the peak moment of the reaction force on the vertical ground is larger than that of the jump jumper. 3. Because the knee joint angle is too small and the external rotation angle is larger the risk of injury of internal and external collateral ligament or meniscus is increased. The extension of the knee joint of the front foot is higher than that of the jump shot, which increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. The peak value of vertical force on both knees of jump jumpers is larger than that of stride jumpers, which may increase the risk of patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament injury. The knee extension and external rotation moment of the knee joint at the peak moment of the vertical ground reaction force are higher than those of the jump shot due to the greater risk of injury due to the pedal extension and torsion.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841;G804.6

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