2016年欧洲杯前八强球队前场任意球攻防战术运用情况研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 15:24

本文选题：欧洲杯 + 前场任意球　；参考：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从我国的体育运动发展总体水平来看,我国的足球水平目前处于一个整体发展较为落后的状况,而我国足球国家队在许多训练及比赛中的表现也差强人意,从我国足球国家队屡次比赛情况就可以发现许多需要改进和改变的地方。本研究以2016年欧洲杯前八强球队在比赛中的前场任意球战略战术布置为研究目标,对世界一流的足球水平的战术运用进行分析,并从中找出这些球队在前场任意球攻、守战术方面所表现出来的规律和应对,以学习领悟当下世界一流足球比赛中前场任意球的地位与战略规划趋势。以为我国的足球运动员及教练员提供战略部署的借鉴及参考。本研究运用了文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,通过对比赛视频的观察统计分析,包括了2016年第十五届法国欧洲杯前八强球队在各个比赛阶段的全部36场比赛中前场任意球进攻与防守的战术运用形式的分析及整合。战术进攻层面重点对各队各区域射门方式、次数、形式、效果及各队二次进攻、成功限制对手反击、被对手反击射门情况进行统计分析;战术防守层面重点对各队各区域防守成败次数、原因、阵型及人墙排列情况、禁区内防守人数进行统计分析。研究结果显示:1、由多种比赛及相关研究中都可以看出,前场任意球的重要性在不断提高,而在国际赛场的表现中,目前占据任意球绝对优势地位的依然是欧洲的传统足球强队。2、根据第十五届欧洲杯足球锦标赛决赛阶段的数据统计,前场任意球射门方式中,直接射门方式较以往大大减少,与以往直接射门数一般大于等于配合射门数的研究结果。3、在统计中显示出,中路以直接射门为主要射门方式,并且射门的角度会随着射门次数的增大而增大,而随着射门角度的增大,射门进攻的组织方式也会出现相应的改变。4、在任意球进攻方选择配合射门时,统计显示传中抢点射门配合的数量在此次决赛中有大幅度提升,并且命中率及配合效果较以往都有更好的效果。5、在统计中,前场任意球得分率最高的球队分别为法国队和德国队,而这两个队伍在前场任意球的防守部署中,以防守队员的站位为主,多用整体布防的防守战略,这种防守方式可以起到对要害空间实行完整的布防及对于和攻击队员的盯防两周防守的完美结合。6、在分析球队的前场任意球防守战略部署时发现,比较成功的前场任意球防守,将防守职责主要以三种方式体现,第一种是广泛使用的防守人墙的方式,这种方式的好处是进攻方的进攻难度会大幅度增大;第二种主要防守方式是分散队员封锁要害空间,这种防守方式更加灵活;第三种防守方式是以盯防进攻队员为防守目标。这三种防守方式的选择主要根据任意球罚球点区域、及进攻队员的优势特点来选择防守力量的重点部署。
[Abstract]:Judging from the overall level of sports development in China, the football level of our country is at present in a relatively backward situation of overall development, and the performance of our national football team in many training and matches is also unsatisfactory. From the situation of our country's national soccer team, we can find a lot of improvements and changes. In this study, the strategy and tactics arrangement of the top eight teams in the Euro 2016 competition in the front field free kick is the research goal, the tactics application of the world first class football level is analyzed, and these teams are found out the free kick attack in the front field. In order to learn and understand the position and strategic planning trend of free-kick in the front field of the world class football match, the rules and countermeasures of defending tactics are presented in order to study and comprehend the position of free kick in the front field of the world class football match. For our country's football players and coaches to provide strategic planning reference and reference. This study uses the methods of literature, expert interview, video observation, mathematical statistics and so on, through the observation and statistical analysis of the game video. It includes the analysis and integration of the tactics of attacking and defending in the front field in all 36 matches of the top eight teams in the 15th European Championship in 2016. At the level of tactical attack, it focuses on the shooting mode, times, form, effect and the second attack of each team, which limits the counterattack of the opponent, and analyzes the shooting situation of each team by the counterattack. The tactical defense level focuses on the number of defenses success or failure, the reasons, the formation and the arrangement of the walls, and the number of defenders in the restricted area. The results of the study show that the importance of free kicks in the front field is constantly increasing in various competitions and related studies, while in the performance of the international arena, At present, the absolute dominance of free kicks is still dominated by European traditional football teams. According to the statistics of the final stage of the 15th European Cup Football Championships, direct shooting methods in the previous field free kicks have been greatly reduced compared with those in the past. Compared with the previous research results that the number of direct shots is larger than the number of combined shots, the statistics show that direct shooting is the main way of shooting in the middle road, and the angle of shooting will increase with the increase of the number of shots. With the increase of shooting angle, the organization of shooting attack will also be changed accordingly. When the free-kick attacking side chooses to cooperate with the shooting, statistics show that the number of shots coordinated with each other has been greatly improved in this final. In the statistics, the teams with the highest scoring rate in the front field were France and Germany respectively, and these two teams were in the defensive deployment of the free kick in the front field. With the defensive players' position as the main position, the defensive strategy of using the whole defense, This kind of defense method can play a complete deployment of the vital space and perfect combination of two-week defense with the attacking players. When analyzing the team's defensive strategy of free kick in the front court, we can find that the more successful free kick defense in the front court. The defense duties are mainly embodied in three ways. The first is the widely used defensive wall. The advantage of this way is that the offensive difficulty of the offensive side will be greatly increased; the second main defense method is to disperse the players to block the vital space. This kind of defense is more flexible; the third is to mark the offensive player as the defensive target. The selection of these three defense methods is mainly based on the free kick free throw area and the advantage characteristics of the offensive players to select the key defensive force deployment.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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