足球守门员在防守点球情境中的预判特征—来自眼动和ERP的证据

发布时间：2018-07-09 09:32

本文选题：足球守门员预判 + 眼动指标　；参考：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：足球运动中防守点球是一种高策略性的情境,点球中球速快,球飞行时间短;防守点球时,守门员要对对手的意图进行分析和判断,在正确判断的基础上才能有效地运用自己的技术和战术。运动员对战术意图的判断反应是从视觉信息搜索开始的。迄今为止,大部分研究学者都停留在分析运动情景中运动员的视觉搜索模式及眼动外部特征上,关于运动员的内部加工过程及相关的神经机制的研究则寥寥无几。因此,本研究以10名专家组守门员和10名足球专业的守门员为研究被试,采用新手—专家研究范式,以足球运动员罚点球的动作视频为实验材料,运用眼动仪器与ERP的联动实验。在研究守门员眼动特征的同时,进一步探讨预判过程的认知加工过程及认知机制,从而将运动员的认知加工过程和外在视觉搜索过程结合分析,为全面的了解优秀运动员预判过程中的认知加工优势。实验得出以下结果:(1)专家组守门员的反应时间长于新手组守门员,反应时正确率高于新手组守门员。(2)专家组守门员的注视点多于新手组守门员;注视持续时间短于新手组,总注视时间长于新手组。专家组守门员主要关注的兴趣区为支撑脚和踢球脚(3)专家组在CP2、Cz点专家组的N1潜伏期短于新手组,且差异达到显著水平。N1波幅在Fz、FC1、Cz、FC2处差异明显,并且专家组的波幅大于新手组。(4)两组被试的P2波幅在Fz、FC1、Cz和FC2处差异明显。(5)专家组在Fz、FC1、CP1和FC2处波幅大于新手组,且差异达到显著水平。(6)专家组在Pz、Oz和Cz处Pb波幅大于新手组,差异达到显著水平。研究得出以下结论:(1)专家组守门员判断来球方向的正确率上存在优势(2)专家组守门员在视觉搜索模式上存在一定优势。专家组守门员的搜索模式:注视点多,总注视时间长,注视持续时间较短,信息的来源区主要是支撑脚和踢球脚,注视轨迹简单,集中对有效部位进行序列的观察提取有效信息。注视轨迹简单,着重于按顺序观察有效部分提取有效信息。(3)专家组守门员的视觉搜索与认知加工都有以往专项知识经验作为引导。(4)在视觉搜索期,专家组守门员投入较少的心理资源将早期信息与记忆中的认知进行匹配。(5)专家组守门员的知觉分析是基于对有效信息的分析,而新手组守门员则是基于对无目的搜索与猜测的信息的加工。(6)专家组根据以往专项经验对运动的产生存在一种期待,在面对对方罚球运动员踢点球时,可能时刻准备做出反应。
[Abstract]:The defensive penalty kick is a highly strategic situation in football. The ball is fast and the time of the ball is short in the penalty kick. The goalkeeper should analyze and judge the opponent's intentions when the ball is defended. On the basis of the correct judgment, it can effectively use his own technology and tactics. The judge's reaction to the tactical intention is to search the visual information. So far, most of the researchers have stayed in the analysis of the athletes' visual search patterns and the external features of the eye movement. There are few studies on the internal processing process and the related neural mechanisms of the athletes. Therefore, 10 goalkeepers and 10 goalkeepers in football majors are studied in this study. The research subjects, using the new and expert paradigm, take the action video of the penalty kick of the football player as the experimental material, and use the linkage experiment between the eye movement instrument and the ERP. The cognitive processing process and the cognitive mechanism are further explored in the study of the goalkeeper's eye movement. The visual search process combined with analysis to fully understand the cognitive processing advantages of excellent athletes in the pre judgment process. The results are as follows: (1) the response time of the expert group goalkeeper is longer than the novice goalkeeper, and the correct rate of reaction is higher than the novice goalkeeper. (2) the gaze point of the expert group goalkeeper is more than the novice goalkeeper. The duration is shorter than the novice group, the total fixation time is longer than the novice group. The main interest area of the expert group goalkeeper is the support foot and the kick foot (3) expert group in CP2, and the N1 latency of the expert group Cz is shorter than the novice group, and the significant level of.N1 wave amplitude is significantly different at Fz, FC1, Cz, FC2, and the amplitude of the expert group is greater than that of the novice group. (4) two The P2 amplitude of the group was significantly different at Fz, FC1, Cz and FC2. (5) the amplitude of the expert group at Fz, FC1, CP1 and FC2 was greater than the novice group, and the difference reached a significant level. (6) the expert group was larger than the novice group in Pz, Oz and Cz, and the difference reached a significant level. (1) the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the expert group goalkeeper judged the correct rate of ball direction by the goalkeeper. In the advantage (2), the goalkeeper of the expert group has some advantages in the visual search mode. The goalkeeper's search mode: the gazing point is more, the total fixation time is long, the duration of the gaze is shorter, the source area of the information is mainly the supporting foot and the kick foot, the fixation track is simple, and the effective information is extracted from the observation of the effective parts. The trajectory is simple. (3) the visual search and cognitive processing of the expert group goalkeeper have previous special knowledge and experience as the guide. (4) in the visual search period, the expert group goalkeeper invested less psychological resources to match the early information and the cognition in the memory. (5) the goalkeeper of the expert group The perceptual analysis is based on the analysis of effective information, while the novice goalkeeper is based on the processing of the information that is not intended for the purpose of search and speculation. (6) the expert group is expected to be prepared to respond to a penalty kick in the face of a penalty kick in the face of a penalty kick in the face of a penalty kick.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

【相似文献】