辽宁省青少年女子铅球运动员最后用力技术的运动学分析

发布时间：2018-07-16 18:46

【摘要】：铅球运动是田径投掷项目的重要代表,最后用力阶段是铅球运动中最关键的环节,对最终铅球的飞行距离,具有重要的影响。本文对辽宁省青少年女子铅球运动员的最后用力阶段的技术进行运动学分析,找出运动员在最后用力阶段的普遍性的运动规律与优秀水平之间的差距。为铅球运动教练员,运动员在技术训练中提供一定的参考依据。本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、影像测量法以及数理统计法。以辽宁省青少年女子铅球运动员作为测试对象,以铅球最后用力阶段作为实验对象。运用常速摄影的方法准确获取运动学参数,并对数据进行同步、整理、分析,从而找出辽宁省青少年女子铅球运动员在此技术阶段的共性和特点,以及在此阶段技术方面存在的不足。研究结论表明:(1)相比较于优秀的运动员,普遍存在过渡阶段用力时间较长的问题,腿部力量薄弱,左腿着地意识和时间把控不良,是导致过渡阶段用时较长的主要原因。(2)运动员在比赛中速度发展的趋势较为合理,但是在右脚着地瞬间,运动员的右髋速度小于左髋速度,身体协调转换的意识和能力仍需要进一步加强。(3)运动员在最后用力阶段身体各方面的速度情况,基本符合铅球运动最后用力阶段的技术要求,并且在实践中形成了较为科学的最后用力阶段的用力顺序,为优异成绩的获得,奠定了有利的基础。(4)最后用力阶段右髋角也呈现出增大的趋势,但是部分运动员增加幅度较小,反应出部分运动员身体重心过于偏后,没有形成铅球投掷所需要的左侧支撑的状态。根据研究的结论给出以下建议:(1)在青少年铅球运动员日常的训练过程中,要重视对运动员下肢力量的训练,根据比赛实际合理的控制铅球过渡阶段的时间,最大程度上实现铅球滑步阶段速度的利用率的提升,为提升最后用力阶段的铅球出手速度奠定一定的基础。(2)身高对铅球出手瞬间高度产生了一定的影响,但是技术仍占主要因素,运动员的铅球出手瞬间高度还需要改善,应该充分利用好身高的优势,配合规范的技术动作的发挥,获得最佳铅球投掷成绩。
[Abstract]:Shot put is an important representative of track and field throwing events, and the final exertion stage is the most important link in shot put movement, which has an important influence on the final shot put flying distance. This paper analyzes the technique of the final exertion stage of the young female shot put athletes in Liaoning Province, and finds out the gap between the general movement law and the excellent level of the athletes in the final exertion stage. For shot-put coaches, athletes in the technical training to provide a certain reference. This paper adopts the method of literature, expert interview, image measurement and mathematical statistics. The young female shot put athletes in Liaoning Province were taken as the test objects and the shot put final exertion stage as the experimental objects. The kinematics parameters are accurately obtained by using the method of constant speed photography, and the data are synchronized, sorted out and analyzed, so as to find out the commonness and characteristics of the young female shot athletes in Liaoning Province in this technical stage. And in this stage of the technical deficiencies. The conclusions are as follows: (1) compared with the excellent athletes, there are many problems such as long time of exertion in the transition stage, weak strength of the leg, poor consciousness of landing on the left leg and poor control of the time. (2) the trend of speed development in the competition is more reasonable, but in the moment of landing on the right foot, the speed of the right hip is smaller than that of the left hip. The consciousness and ability of body coordination and transformation still need to be further strengthened. (3) the speed of each aspect of the body in the final exertion stage basically accords with the technical requirements of the final exertion stage of shot put. And in practice, a more scientific order of exertion in the final exertion stage was formed, which laid a favorable foundation for the achievement of excellent results. (4) the right hip angle also showed an increasing trend in the final exertion stage, but some athletes increased slightly. The result shows that some athletes have not formed the left support state needed for shot putting after the body center of gravity is too deviated. According to the conclusion of the study, the following suggestions are given: (1) in the daily training process of the young shot put athletes, we should pay attention to the training of the lower extremity strength of the athletes, and control the time of the transition stage of the shot put reasonably according to the actual situation of the competition. To the greatest extent, the utilization rate of shot sliding stage can be improved, which lays a certain foundation for improving the shot release speed in the final exertion stage. (2) height has a certain influence on the instant height of shot put. But the technique still occupies the main factor, the athlete's shot put instantaneous height still needs to be improved, should make full use of the height superiority, cooperate with the standard technical action display, obtains the best shot put throwing result.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.1

【参考文献】