第15届欧锦赛决赛阶段由守转攻的有效进攻特征分析

发布时间：2018-07-27 09:29

【摘要】：进攻、防守及球权的互相转换构成了一场完整的足球比赛,这三种比赛时刻的攻防质量以及局势上的优劣,在极大程度上决定了比赛双方取胜的概率(1)。随着足球运动的不断发展,足球比赛中攻守双方对时间及空间的争夺愈加激烈,足球运动员的体能、技能以及战术意识等各方面能力也在不断提升,促使比赛节奏加快、攻守转换频率增高。在球权转换时刻,尤其当进攻球员失去球权后,在心理上准备不足且不能及时回防到位,其整体的防守能力也相对较弱,这便成为守方由守转攻撕破防线的最佳时机。因此,提高由守转攻的质量有助于改善进攻的成效。然而足球比赛的胜负是由进球数量的对比判定的,进球又是在组织有效进攻的基础之上获得的。本文将由守转攻与有效进攻相结合,并将一次完整的由守转攻的有效进攻过程分为球权转换、进攻推进、进攻完成三个阶段。由守转攻时刻即为球权转换阶段,由守转攻后进攻发展的过程即为进攻推进阶段,由守转攻后形成射门或进球即为进攻完成阶段。欧洲足球运动的技、战术水平领先世界。欧锦赛决赛阶段的参赛球队都是欧洲各国家队通过紧张激烈的预选赛中脱颖而出的优秀球队。其在比赛中的表现能够体现出当今足球技、战术打法的发展趋势。本文通过文献资料法、录像分析法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法对第15届欧锦赛决赛阶段51场比赛中形成的263次由守转攻的有效进攻过程进行研究。从由守转攻有效进攻的转换区域、转换方式、传球方式及射门情况等方面进行统计分析,期望探索出欧锦赛决赛阶段参赛球队由守转攻的有效进攻特征,并进行归纳总结。研究发现:1.欧锦赛决赛阶段由守转攻有效进攻的球权转换纵向场区集中在中场区域、横向场区集中在中路区域。2.断球是获得球权的主要转换方式。3.在个人一元技术及个人多元技术的运用中,短传均是运用频率和成功率最高的方式,斜传球在进攻中运用次数最多,减少连续传球次数有利于提高进攻成效。4.在由守转攻有效进攻的战术手段运用中,中路传切、远射、二过一配合被PARETO法划分为主要进攻战术,边路传中、边路传切、个人突破、斜长传切及直长传切被分为次要进攻战术。其中边路传中战术综合评价最好。5.第15届欧锦赛决赛阶段由守转攻的有效进攻以中路进攻为主。6.在4区射门频率最高且综合评价最好,抢点直接射门进球效率最高。
[Abstract]:The conversion of attack, defense and ball rights constitutes a complete football match. The quality of attack and defense and the quality of the situation at the time of the three matches, to a great extent, determine the probability of both sides to win (1). With the development of football, the competition between attacking and defending for time and space is becoming more and more fierce, and the ability of physical ability, skill and tactical consciousness of football players is also being improved, which makes the match tempo quicken. The conversion frequency of attack and defense is increased. When the ball power is changed, especially when the attacking players lose the ball rights, they are not prepared psychologically and can not return to the position in time, and their overall defense ability is relatively weak, which becomes the best time for the defenders to break the defensive lines from the defensive to the offensive. Therefore, the improvement of the quality of the defensive attack is helpful to improve the effectiveness of the attack. However, the result of football match is determined by the number of goals, and the goal is based on the organization of effective attack. In this paper, the author combines the effective attack with the defensive turn attack, and divides a complete effective attack process into three stages: ball power conversion, attack advance, and attack completion. From the moment of defense to attack is the stage of ball power conversion, the process of attack development after the defensive turn attack is the stage of attack and propulsion, and the stage of attack completion is the formation of shot or goal after defense and turn attack. European football is a world leader in technical and tactical skills. The teams in the European finals are the best teams that have emerged from the intense qualifiers. Its performance in the game can reflect the current development trend of football techniques and tactics. Based on the methods of literature, video analysis, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this paper studies the effective attack process of 263 times from defensive to offensive in 51 matches in the final stage of the 15th European Championship. In this paper, the author makes a statistical analysis on the conversion area, the conversion mode, the passing way and the shooting situation of the effective attack from the defensive to the offensive, hoping to explore the effective offensive characteristics of the teams in the final stage of the European Championship from the defensive to the offensive, and to sum up and sum up the effective attack. The study found that 1: 1. In the final stage of the European Championship, the ball weight conversion from defensive to offensive is concentrated in the midfield area and the transverse field area in the middle path area. Break is the main way to get the ball. 3. In the application of individual monistic technique and individual multiple technique, short pass is the most frequent and successful way, and oblique pass is the most frequently used in attack, and reducing the number of continuous passing is helpful to improve the attacking effect. In the use of effective offensive tactics from defensive to offensive, the middle pass cut, long shot, two pass and one cooperation are divided into the main offensive tactics by PARETO method, the side pass, and the personal breakthrough. Oblique long pass cut and straight long pass cut are divided into secondary attack tactics. Among them, the comprehensive evaluation of the side pass tactics is the best. 5. In the 15 th European Championship final stage, the effective attack from defensive to offensive is the main attack in the middle. 6. The shooting frequency is the highest and the comprehensive evaluation is the best in area 4, and the efficiency of direct shooting is the highest.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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