美国职业篮球联盟（NBA）发展特征研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 14:07
【摘要】：在《关于加快发展体育产业促进体育消费的若干意见》文件指引下,足球上升为国家战略层面背景下,职业体育受到人们越来越多的关注。当前,我国职业体育改革处于关键时期,针对改革过程中面临的困境和难题,欧美强国职业体育联盟的成功运行为我们提供了诸多可借鉴性经验与教训。本文以世界上最成功、最具品牌影响力的职业篮球联盟-NBA为研究对象,基于现代企业理论,企业家视野下,采用逻辑分析、实证研究等方法对NBA联盟的本质特征、运行特征与发展模式特征进行系统分析,研究结论如下:1.通过对职业体育联盟的综述研究发现:NBA联盟是世界上运行最规范、最具影响力及品牌效应的职业体育联盟,对于探索具有中国特色的职业体育改革路径具有典型代表性。2.时代特征:NBA联盟自由放任阶段(1898-1945):以自由发展区域性联盟为主,球队数量较多且解散频繁,秩序混乱,竞争无序,生命力不足;自发提升阶段(1946-1976):规模扩张频繁,竞争逐渐转向有序至寡头,恢复力较强;兴盛崛起阶段(1977-1990):规模持续扩张,竞争较有序,迈向稳定;全球化整合阶段(1990—),规模趋于稳定,竞争平衡有序,垄断发展。3.组织特征:NBA联盟具有团队生产、合资企业、组织粘性等特征;协作生产性与契约交易性双重本质属性,一种人力资本与非人力资本使用权交易的粘性组织。4.运行特征:历届总裁均有大学学位,具备创新、英雄主义精神等企业家基本素质;球员主要来源于选秀,比例呈现提高-下降-均衡发展趋势,平均年龄较均衡26.53,平均身高、体重及克托莱指数逐渐递增;大众与校际篮球市场蓬勃发展;门票市场兴盛,体现服务性;媒体市场繁荣,凸显合作性;全球化拓展中具有时序性、差异性与创新性,彰显情感性;核心产品是一种服务性、非静态性联合产品,具有非实物特性、身体操作性、利益外溢性等特征。5.发展模式特征:产权契约为纽带的本土单一门票经营型—电视转播权导向型—冠名权或特许商品经营拓展型—全方位个性化服务主导型的多元化经营模式特征;横向与纵向一体化为主体,协调方式相结合的管理模式特征;本土化、单一性门票收入主导—电视转播权、门票等多元化收入并存—无形资产与品牌乘数效应收入提升的盈利模式特征;股东主导型、共主体、收益共享的治理模式特征。四者相互协调确保联盟健康持久运行。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "some opinions on speeding up the Development of Sports Industry and promoting Sports consumption", under the background of football rising to national strategic level, people pay more and more attention to professional sports. At present, the reform of professional sports in our country is in a critical period. In view of the difficulties and difficulties in the process of reform, the successful operation of the professional sports alliance of the European and American powers has provided us with many lessons and lessons to learn from. This paper takes the most successful professional basketball league with the most brand influence in the world as the research object, based on the modern enterprise theory, under the view of entrepreneur, adopts logical analysis, empirical research and other methods to analyze the essential characteristics of NBA alliance. The characteristics of operation and development mode are systematically analyzed, and the conclusions are as follows: 1. Based on the summary of professional sports leagues, it is found that: NBA is the most standardized, influential and brand sports league in the world, which is representative for exploring the reform path of professional sports with Chinese characteristics. The era characteristic: NBA leagues laissez-faire stage (1898-1945): free development of regional leagues, more teams and disbanded frequently, disorder of order, disorder of competition, lack of vitality; spontaneous promotion stage (1946-1976): frequent expansion of scale, Competition gradually turned to oligarchs with strong resilience; stage of prosperity and rise (1977-1990): sustained expansion of scale, orderly competition towards stability; stage of globalization integration (1990-), with scale tending to be stable, competition balanced and orderly, monopoly development .3. Organizational characteristics: NBA league has the characteristics of team production, joint venture, organizational stickiness, cooperation, production and contract transaction, a kind of viscous organization of human capital and non-human capital right trade. Operating characteristics: all presidents have university degrees, have the basic qualities of enterprisers such as innovation, heroism, etc. The players mainly come from the draft, the proportion shows the trend of increasing, decreasing and balanced development, the average age is more than 26.53, the average height is more than 26.53. Body weight and Ketole Index gradually increasing; popular and inter-school basketball market booming; ticket market flourishing, reflecting service; media market prosperity, highlighting cooperation; globalization expansion with timing, difference and innovation, The core product is a service, non-static joint product, with non-physical characteristics, body operation, benefits spillover and other characteristics. The characteristics of the development model: the local single ticket management model-TV broadcasting right-oriented-naming right or franchise commodity business expansion-omni-directional individualized service-oriented diversification mode characteristics of the property rights contract; Horizontal and vertical integration as the main body, coordination mode combined with the characteristics of the management model; localization, unique ticket revenue dominated by television broadcasting rights, Ticket and other diversified income co-exist-intangible assets and brand multiplier effect income promotion profit model characteristics; shareholder-oriented, co-main, revenue sharing governance model characteristics. The four coordinated to ensure a healthy and sustainable operation of the alliance.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841
，
本文编号：2170264
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "some opinions on speeding up the Development of Sports Industry and promoting Sports consumption", under the background of football rising to national strategic level, people pay more and more attention to professional sports. At present, the reform of professional sports in our country is in a critical period. In view of the difficulties and difficulties in the process of reform, the successful operation of the professional sports alliance of the European and American powers has provided us with many lessons and lessons to learn from. This paper takes the most successful professional basketball league with the most brand influence in the world as the research object, based on the modern enterprise theory, under the view of entrepreneur, adopts logical analysis, empirical research and other methods to analyze the essential characteristics of NBA alliance. The characteristics of operation and development mode are systematically analyzed, and the conclusions are as follows: 1. Based on the summary of professional sports leagues, it is found that: NBA is the most standardized, influential and brand sports league in the world, which is representative for exploring the reform path of professional sports with Chinese characteristics. The era characteristic: NBA leagues laissez-faire stage (1898-1945): free development of regional leagues, more teams and disbanded frequently, disorder of order, disorder of competition, lack of vitality; spontaneous promotion stage (1946-1976): frequent expansion of scale, Competition gradually turned to oligarchs with strong resilience; stage of prosperity and rise (1977-1990): sustained expansion of scale, orderly competition towards stability; stage of globalization integration (1990-), with scale tending to be stable, competition balanced and orderly, monopoly development .3. Organizational characteristics: NBA league has the characteristics of team production, joint venture, organizational stickiness, cooperation, production and contract transaction, a kind of viscous organization of human capital and non-human capital right trade. Operating characteristics: all presidents have university degrees, have the basic qualities of enterprisers such as innovation, heroism, etc. The players mainly come from the draft, the proportion shows the trend of increasing, decreasing and balanced development, the average age is more than 26.53, the average height is more than 26.53. Body weight and Ketole Index gradually increasing; popular and inter-school basketball market booming; ticket market flourishing, reflecting service; media market prosperity, highlighting cooperation; globalization expansion with timing, difference and innovation, The core product is a service, non-static joint product, with non-physical characteristics, body operation, benefits spillover and other characteristics. The characteristics of the development model: the local single ticket management model-TV broadcasting right-oriented-naming right or franchise commodity business expansion-omni-directional individualized service-oriented diversification mode characteristics of the property rights contract; Horizontal and vertical integration as the main body, coordination mode combined with the characteristics of the management model; localization, unique ticket revenue dominated by television broadcasting rights, Ticket and other diversified income co-exist-intangible assets and brand multiplier effect income promotion profit model characteristics; shareholder-oriented, co-main, revenue sharing governance model characteristics. The four coordinated to ensure a healthy and sustainable operation of the alliance.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G841
，
本文编号：2170264
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jiaoyulunwen/tylw/2170264.html
