有氧运动结合抗阻力练习对单纯性肥胖青少年减脂效果的实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-27 09:16

【摘要】：随着我国经济的发展和社会的变革以及饮食结构的变化,中国青少年的肥胖程度正在以令人担忧的速度迅速增加,我国即将面临严峻的青少年单纯性肥胖问题。在现实生活中,我们不难发现由于肥胖所引起的冠心病、高血脂、高血压及代谢异常等一系列疾病,尤其在青少年群体中发生的概率直线上升,国家每年需要在体质健康这方面投入大量的人力、财力和物力等。众所周知,减肥的方法有很多,但是人们最认可的是运动减肥法,因为它不仅起到减脂的作用,还能增强体质。而生活中,人们往往以有氧运动为主,而抗阻力练习很少被人采用,本文正是带着这一问题从事运动减肥。因此,本文将对青少年单纯性肥胖发生的原因及现状进行科学合理的探索,找出预防及有效的减肥训练方法,来提升我国青少年的身体素质,并为以后青少年科学合理的减脂提供有效的训练方法和理论基础。本研究从北京体育大学“天天享瘦”夏季减肥训练营中,通过体适能测试与评估,选取40名体重在80—120公斤,平均年龄在15岁,身高160—185厘米的单纯性肥胖青少年为研究对象。根据实验的需要将40名受试者按性别、身高、体重、腰臀比均匀的分成两组,每组各20名,且所有的受试者都统一住宿,统一饮食与休息,运动时间一致。第一组采用有氧结合抗阻力练习,第二组采用单纯有氧运动来完成4周的封闭式训练。最后进行相对应的测试评定和对比分析。通过实验研究,得出如下结论:抗阻力练习能够有效地增加肌肉含量,使机体大量的消耗热量和脂肪,以达到减脂的效果;有氧运动结合抗阻力练习与单纯有氧运动都能有效的降低单纯性肥胖青少年机体中的脂肪含量,但是相比较而言,有氧运动结合抗阻力练习在降低单纯性肥胖青少年的体重、体脂、腰臀比、BMI方面的效果要显著高于单纯有氧运动;两者都能有效降低青少年单纯性肥胖者的心率、血压,但效果相比并无明显差异,而在提高肺活量方面,有氧运动结合抗阻力练习效果更明显;两者都有效的提高了单纯性肥胖青少年身体素质,但是有氧运动结合抗阻力练习在力量、速度方面提高较为明显;调查表明有氧运动结合抗阻力练习形式灵活、方法多样,更易受到减肥者的喜爱,并且反弹程度小。本实验研究证实,有氧运动结合抗阻力练习对单纯性肥胖青少年减脂效果明显高于单纯有氧运动。但是两者怎样优化结合,从而能起到更好的减脂效果,有待深入研究。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society and the change of diet structure, the obesity degree of Chinese teenagers is increasing rapidly at a worrying rate, and our country will soon face the severe problem of simple obesity among adolescents. In real life, it is not difficult to find a series of diseases such as coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure and abnormal metabolism caused by obesity, especially among adolescents. The country needs to invest a lot of human, financial and material resources in physical health every year. As we all know, there are many ways to lose weight, but the most popular is exercise diet, because it can not only reduce fat, but also enhance physical fitness. But in life, people tend to take aerobic exercise as the main part, but anti-resistance exercises are seldom used by people. This paper is engaged in exercise to lose weight with this problem. Therefore, this article will carry on the scientific and reasonable exploration to the youth simple obesity occurrence reason and the present situation, will find out the prevention and the effective weight loss training method, in order to enhance our country young people's physical quality, And to provide effective training methods and theoretical basis for the later scientific and reasonable fat reduction for teenagers. In the summer weight-loss training camp of Beijing University of physical Education, 40 subjects weighing 80-120 kg were selected by physical fitness test and evaluation, with an average age of 15 years. Simple obese adolescents with height of 160-185 cm were studied. According to the needs of the experiment, 40 subjects were divided into two groups according to gender, height, weight, waist-to-hip ratio, 20 in each group, and all the subjects were in uniform accommodation, diet and rest, exercise time was the same. In the first group, aerobic combined with anti-resistance exercise was used. In the second group, aerobic exercise was used to complete 4 weeks of closed training. Finally, the corresponding test evaluation and comparative analysis are carried out. Through the experimental study, the following conclusions are drawn: Anti-resistance exercises can effectively increase muscle content, make the body burn a lot of heat and fat, in order to achieve the effect of fat reduction; Aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercise and aerobic exercise alone can effectively reduce the fat content in the body of simple obese teenagers, but in comparison, aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercise can reduce the weight of simple obese teenagers. Body fat, waist-to-hip ratio and BMI were significantly higher than those of aerobic exercise alone; both of them could effectively reduce heart rate and blood pressure in adolescents with simple obesity, but there was no significant difference in the effect. The effect of aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercise is more obvious; both of them can effectively improve the physical quality of simple obese teenagers, but aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercises can improve the strength and speed more obviously. The investigation shows that aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercises is flexible in form, diverse in methods, more popular with dieters, and less rebound. The results showed that the effect of aerobic exercise combined with anti-resistance exercise on fat reduction of simple obese adolescents was significantly higher than that of aerobic exercise alone. However, how to optimize the combination of the two, so as to play a better effect of fat reduction, need further study.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.2

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