青少年竞走运动员专项身体素质训练的研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 19:45

【摘要】：在世界大赛中,竞走担负着摘金夺银的重任。在2012年的伦敦奥运会上,我国竞走一举夺得1金,3铜和一个第四名的好成绩。在2015年北京世锦赛中,中国竞走选手刘虹为中国代表团摘下了本次大赛的首金,同时在竞走项目上获得了一金两银的好成绩。2016年,在意大利罗马世界竞走团体锦标赛中,中国竞走队拿到了10枚金牌中的7枚,此外还获得2银1铜的优异成绩。同样在里约奥运会上,我国的竞走队又创造了不菲的成绩:男、女20公里冠军奖牌由我国收入囊中,同时还获得了一枚银牌,一枚铜牌及第五名。竞走项目中运动技能的变化与身体素质之间有着息息相关紧密相连的关系。因此,笔者采用相关研究方法,对全国27个竞走基地(全国共有33个竞走基地)的基本情况,实际的专项身体素质训练情况,以及学生对相关训练满意度的反馈情况进行了调查与分析,同时对一些指标进行测试,并结合实际提出一些对青少年竞走运动员专项身体素质训练有帮助的合理化的建议及意见。研究结果表明:1、通过调查,选取测试了运动员的6项身体素质指标(100米、立定三级跳远、后抛实心球、一分钟跳绳、800/1500、坐位体前屈),基本各项身体素质成绩随着训练年限及年龄的增长而提高,有个别指标出现了下降的现象。2、通过与大纲标准对比,对竞走运动员的训练提供一定的参考价值。3、教练员虽然知道专项身体素质的训练的重要性,但是没有落实到实际中去。特别是专项灵敏及专项柔韧素质的训练。同时,运动员也认为他们在柔韧及灵敏素质上有所欠缺。专项身体素质的训练时间不够充分,比较重视运动技术的训练。4、训练手段与方法比较单一,缺少器械的锻炼。在专项身体素质训练时可以采用现代体能训练的一些方法与竞走专项技术结合来训练,以达到很好的效果。5、教练员不注重运动员的恢复,很多教练员忽视了这一重要的环节,同时好多运动员也没有认识到专项身体素质训练的重要性。
[Abstract]:In the world competition, race walking shoulders the heavy task of gold and silver. At the 2012 London Olympics, China won a gold medal, three bronze medals and a fourth place. In the 2015 Beijing World Championships, Chinese walker Liu Hong took the first gold medal for the Chinese delegation and scored a gold and a silver mark in the walking event. In 2016, in the World Walking Group Championships in Rome, Italy, The Chinese team won seven of the 10 gold medals, plus two silver and one bronze. Also at the Rio Olympics, China's athletics team made a big achievement: men's and women's 20-kilometer medals were won by our country, as well as a silver, a bronze and a fifth place. There is a close relationship between the change of sports skills and physical fitness in walking events. Therefore, the author uses the relevant research method to analyze the basic situation of 27 national walking bases (there are 33 walking bases in China) and the actual physical fitness training. And the feedback of the students on the training satisfaction was investigated and analyzed, and some indexes were tested at the same time. It also puts forward some reasonable suggestions and suggestions which are helpful to the special physical fitness training of juvenile walking athletes. The results showed that, through the investigation, six physical fitness indexes (100m, standing triple jump, solid ball) were selected and tested. One minute rope skipping 800 / 1500, sitting position forward bending), the basic physical fitness performance increases with the increase of training years and age, and there is a decline in individual indicators. By comparing with the outline standard, The coaches know the importance of the special physical fitness training, but they have not put it into practice. Especially special sensitive and special flexible quality training. At the same time, athletes also think that they have a lack of flexibility and dexterity. Special physical fitness training time is not enough, pay more attention to the training of sports technology. In special physical fitness training, some methods of modern physical fitness training can be combined with special walking techniques to achieve good results. 5. Coaches do not pay attention to the recovery of athletes. Many coaches neglect this important link. At the same time, many athletes do not recognize the importance of special physical training.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G821

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