两汉射箭运动研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 17:16

【摘要】：我国古代的射箭运动,不仅是一种身体的活动,更是一种饱含着民族传统的古老且悠久的社会文化活动。两汉,作为射箭运动发展的重要时期,在传承了前人射箭运动的基础之上,为后世射箭运动的发展奠定了坚实的基础。本文主要采取文献资料法、古汉语考释法以及逻辑分析法等研究手段,就这一时期弓弩形制、射箭技术、秋射制度、射猎活动四个方面作较为系统的梳理与研究,试图对大汉王朝射箭运动的整体发展,有一个基本面貌的呈现,同时总结它的发展规律和特征,以便人们通过射箭这一视角能够更好地把握和认识两汉体育。本研究得出的主要结论是:第一,射箭工具制作与射箭技术发展的规范化。一方面,两汉射箭工具的形制与先秦相比有了较大的改进,尤其是弩的运用与发展,在两汉达到了鼎盛。它的生产与制作均有明细的分工,并出现了专业化、标准化趋势。另一方面,两汉大量射术著作的问世,在普及射箭知识的同时推动了射箭技术的规范化发展。第二,射箭活动的普及与实用化。一方面,两汉射箭活动的参与主体逐渐广泛和普及,不管是军事训练中的“课”、“校”射箭,还是民间自发组织的娱乐射箭,其参与人群既有天子也有士卒,既有贵族也有平民。另一方面,两汉时期的射箭运动更加注重实用价值,如军队中成为“长技”之一;生活中的要求是“居则习民于射法”。第三,秋射制度推动了射箭形式的竞技化。有着竞技性质的秋射制度的出现,是两汉时期射箭发展最重要的特色。秋射在当时西北边郡已经形成了一个惯例,并有着大家共同遵守的办事规程和行动准则。它已发展成两汉时期的一种专门人才选拔制度,一种体育竞赛制度。
[Abstract]:The archery movement in ancient China is not only a kind of body activity, but also an ancient and long social and cultural activity full of national tradition. Han Dynasty, as an important period of archery development, laid a solid foundation for the future development of archery movement on the basis of inheriting the previous archery movement. This article mainly adopts the literature method, the ancient Chinese textual research method and the logic analysis method and so on research means, in this period crossbow shape, archery technology, autumn shooting system, shooting activities four aspects of a more systematic combing and research. This paper attempts to present a basic appearance of archery movement in the Han Dynasty, and summarizes its development rules and characteristics, so that people can better grasp and understand the sports of Han Dynasty through the angle of view of archery. The main conclusions are as follows: first, the standardization of archery tool making and archery technology development. On the one hand, the shape of archery tools in the Han Dynasty was greatly improved compared with the Pre-Qin Dynasty, especially the application and development of crossbow, which reached its peak in the Han Dynasty. Its production and production have a detailed division of labor, and appeared specialization, standardization trend. On the other hand, the publication of a large number of works on archery in Han Dynasty promoted the standardization of archery technology while popularizing the knowledge of archery. Second, the popularization and practicality of archery. On the one hand, the participants in archery activities in the Han Dynasty became more and more popular, whether they were "lessons", "schools" in military training, or recreational archery organized by private organizations. There are nobles and civilians alike. On the other hand, the archery movement in the Han Dynasty paid more attention to practical value, such as becoming one of the "long skills" in the army; Third, the autumn shooting system promoted the competitive form of archery. The appearance of autumn shooting system with competitive nature is the most important characteristic of archery development in Han Dynasty. Qiuzheng had formed a convention in Northwestern County and had common rules and rules of conduct. It has developed into a special talent selection system, a sports competition system during the Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G852.9

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