高水平铁饼运动员旋转中的系统角动量特征研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 12:27

【摘要】：旋转效果是影响铁饼投掷成绩的主要因素,主要从人体-铁饼系统角动量的视角探讨铁饼投掷过程中系统总角动量以及在各坐标轴的分角动量的特征,旨在揭示旋转与成绩的关系。选取了20多年来美国队最高水平的比赛中,在同一场比赛、同一名运动员投掷最远和较差两投相差5 m多的28位女运动员和15位男运动员的86投进行3D数据分析。结果表明:1)两种投掷成绩差距的主要因素是空气动力学距离,占总成绩差值的77.45%(女子)、65.43%(男子),因此,应该重视提高空气动力学距离;2)高水平女子铁饼运动员在投掷较远时比较近时,系统总角动量在左脚离地瞬间、左脚着地瞬间存在显著性差异(P≤0.023),X轴向负方向的角动量在左脚离地瞬间、左脚着地瞬间和出手瞬间存在显著性差异(P≤0.007),Z轴向在左脚着地瞬间和出手瞬间有较大的正旋转,存在显著性差异(P≤0.009);3)高水平男子铁饼运动员在投掷较远时比较近时,左脚着地瞬间,在X轴向负方向的角动量和Y轴正方向的角动量存在显著性差异(P≤0.042),系统总角动量在出手瞬间较小,存在显著性差异(P≤0.043)。结论:高水平铁饼运动员应更重视旋转过程中系统角动量的控制,进而提升真空距离和空气动力学距离;女运动员应该控制X轴的负旋转,增大围绕垂直轴的正旋转,即可以采用继续旋转的随前缓冲动作;男运动员应该控制X轴的旋转,增大Y轴和Z轴的正旋转,进而提升出手效果。
[Abstract]:The rotation effect is the main factor that affects the result of discus throwing. The characteristics of the total angular momentum of the system and the angular momentum of the discus system in the process of discus throwing are discussed from the angle of the angle momentum of the human body and the discus system. The aim is to reveal the relationship between rotation and achievement. In the match of the highest level of the United States team for more than 20 years, in the same match, the same athlete threw the furthest and the worse two more than 5 meters difference between 28 female athletes and 15 male athletes for 3D data analysis. The result shows that the main factor of the difference between the two throwing results is the aerodynamic distance, which accounts for 77.45% (female) and 65.43% (male) of the total score difference. Attention should be paid to improving the aerodynamics distance (2) the total angular momentum of the system is at the moment of the left foot being off the ground when the throwing distance of the high level female discus athletes is relatively close. There was significant difference (P 鈮，

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