不同的躯干弯曲方式对弯曲放松特性及腰部柔韧性的影响研究
发布时间：2018-09-11 13:08
【摘要】：研究目的:随着生活质量的提高越来越多的人参与到体育锻炼中,腰部是人体重要的部位,是许多动作的发力点,且腰部柔韧性也是限制人们运动的关键因素,其测量方法也多种多样,至今未形成统一的、科学有效地方法,本研究希望通过对不同躯干弯曲方式下相关指标的研究,(1)探讨腰部柔韧性的测量方法,是否向下最大程度体前屈柔韧性高,向后最大程度体前屈柔韧性也一样高,是否相关生物力学指标与其具有同样的变化趋势,为腰部柔韧性测量提供参考;(2)探究腰部柔韧性高的受试者其竖脊肌弯曲放松特性是如何变化的,为下腰痛的研究提供参考依据。研究对象:本研究随机抽取了11位来自山东师范大学体育学院的男同学,年龄:21.09±0.70岁,身高:179.36±10.65cm,体重:68.65±25.93kg,且这些受试者均未曾患有腰背部的疾病。研究方法:主要采用实验法和数理统计法。用多通道表面肌电仪收集受试者在做向下最大程度体前屈、向后最大程度体前屈和体前屈到水平面这三种躯干弯曲伸展动作时,左右两侧竖脊肌的表面肌电信号变化情况;用数码摄像机记录受试者三种不同的躯干弯曲伸展动作,在按下摄像机进行录像的同时用发光二极管触控表面肌电开关,通过二极管的点亮和关闭来保证表面肌电与运动学录像的同步,受试者分别进行三种体前屈实验,每种方式做三组,三组实验进行完毕后,受试者俯卧在海绵垫上,尽最大努力做仰体动作保持5秒,测试受试者的最大自主收缩。研究结果:(1)向下最大程度体前屈和向后最大程度体前屈时,躯干倾角和骨盆倾角比较中P0.05没有显著性差异,与环节1、环节2、环节3和环节4的弯曲角度比较中P0.05,躯干倾角α值、骨盆倾角β值、躯干倾角最大值以及表面肌电的开关角度在向下最大程度的体前屈时大于向后最大程度体前屈,向下最大程度体前屈肌电关闭时间明显晚于向后最大程度体前屈,开启时间早于向后最大程度体前屈。(2)向下最大程度体前屈柔韧性数值高的受试者在向后最大程度体前屈时柔韧性数值依然高,向下最大程度体前屈的柔韧性数值与环节1和环节2的弯曲角度比较中P0.05,所测的向下最大程度体前屈的柔韧性与骨盆倾角关系P0.05,向后最大程度体前屈的柔韧性数值与躯干倾角α、环节2的弯曲角度有显著性相关(P0.05);向下最大程度体前屈与人体手掌的长度有相关性(显著性数值P0.05,与其他人体指标无相关性,向后最大程度体前屈与手掌长、上臂长、前臂长、上身长、下身长等指标均没有显著性关系。结论:1)躯干在向下最大程度体前屈和向后最大程度体前屈两种弯曲方式下,竖脊肌的工作时间均被延长,弯曲放松时间缩短,向下最大程度体前屈比向后最大程度体前屈竖脊肌的工作时间还要长。2)两种方式下所测的柔韧性数值具有一致性;向后最大程度体前屈的柔韧性与躯干倾角的相关性大于向下最大程度体前屈与躯干倾角的相关性,两种弯曲方式与骨盆倾角没有相关性。3)向后最大程度体前屈的柔韧性数值与身体相关环节的长度均无相关性,向下最大程度体前屈的柔韧性数值与手掌长度有显著性关系,与其他相关环节无关系。在平时的体育运动或杂技表演中,重复性地做两种类似的躯干屈伸动作时,竖脊肌长时间得不到休息,韧带筋膜被拉长,造成竖脊肌疲劳、韧带松弛,容易患有下腰痛病症。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: With the improvement of the quality of life, more and more people participate in physical exercise. The waist is an important part of human body and the starting point of many movements. And the flexibility of the waist is also a key factor limiting people's movement. There are various measuring methods. So far, there is no unified, scientific and effective method. This study hopes to pass. Study on the related indexes under different trunk bending modes. (1) Discuss the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility, whether the flexibility of the body is high down to the maximum degree, and the flexibility of the body is also high back to the maximum degree. Whether the related biomechanical indexes have the same changing trend with it, providing a reference for the measurement of lumbar flexibility. (2) Explore the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility. Subjects: Eleven male students from the School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, aged 21.09 (+ 0.70), were randomly selected. They were 179.36 (+ 10.65 cm) in height and 68.65 (+ 25.93 kg) in weight. Methods: Experimental and mathematical statistics methods were used to collect the surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the right and left erector spines during the three bending and stretching movements of the trunk, i.e. bending forward, bending backward and bending forward to the horizontal plane. Three different torso bending and stretching movements were recorded with a digital camera. The subjects were recorded with a light-emitting diode (LED) to touch the surface electromyogram (EMG) switch while pressing the camera. The synchronization of surface EMG and kinematics video was ensured by lighting and closing the diode. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in trunk inclination and pelvic inclination between the two groups (P 0.05, P 0.05, P 1, P 0.05). Comparing the bending angles of segment 2, segment 3 and segment 4, the values of P 0.05, trunk tilt angle alpha, pelvic tilt angle beta, trunk tilt angle maxima and surface electromyographic switching angles were greater than those of backward maximal forward bending in the maximum downward bending, and the closing time of downward maximal forward bending was significantly later than that of backward maximal forward bending. The opening time was earlier than that of the backward maximal forward flexion. (2) The subjects with high downward maximal forward flexion still had high flexibility during the backward maximal forward flexion. There was a significant correlation between flexibility and pelvic inclination (P 0.05). The flexibility of backward maximum forward flexion and the bending angles of trunk inclination (P 0.05), link 2 (P 0.05). The length of human palm was correlated with downward maximum forward flexion (P 0.05), and there was no correlation with other human indexes. Conclusion: 1) The working time of the erector spine muscle was prolonged, the relaxation time was shortened, and the forward bending of the body was more vertical than the forward bending of the body. The flexibility values measured under the two methods were consistent; the correlation between the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity was greater than that between downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity; there was no correlation between the two bending methods and pelvic obliquity. 3) the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending was greater than that of downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity. There was no correlation between the resilience and the length of the related parts of the body, but there was a significant correlation between the resilience of the forward bending and the length of the palm of the hand. Ligament fascia is elongated, resulting in fatigue of the erector muscle, ligamentous laxity, and easily suffering from low back pain.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6
本文编号：2236770
[Abstract]:Research purposes: With the improvement of the quality of life, more and more people participate in physical exercise. The waist is an important part of human body and the starting point of many movements. And the flexibility of the waist is also a key factor limiting people's movement. There are various measuring methods. So far, there is no unified, scientific and effective method. This study hopes to pass. Study on the related indexes under different trunk bending modes. (1) Discuss the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility, whether the flexibility of the body is high down to the maximum degree, and the flexibility of the body is also high back to the maximum degree. Whether the related biomechanical indexes have the same changing trend with it, providing a reference for the measurement of lumbar flexibility. (2) Explore the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility. Subjects: Eleven male students from the School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, aged 21.09 (+ 0.70), were randomly selected. They were 179.36 (+ 10.65 cm) in height and 68.65 (+ 25.93 kg) in weight. Methods: Experimental and mathematical statistics methods were used to collect the surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the right and left erector spines during the three bending and stretching movements of the trunk, i.e. bending forward, bending backward and bending forward to the horizontal plane. Three different torso bending and stretching movements were recorded with a digital camera. The subjects were recorded with a light-emitting diode (LED) to touch the surface electromyogram (EMG) switch while pressing the camera. The synchronization of surface EMG and kinematics video was ensured by lighting and closing the diode. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in trunk inclination and pelvic inclination between the two groups (P 0.05, P 0.05, P 1, P 0.05). Comparing the bending angles of segment 2, segment 3 and segment 4, the values of P 0.05, trunk tilt angle alpha, pelvic tilt angle beta, trunk tilt angle maxima and surface electromyographic switching angles were greater than those of backward maximal forward bending in the maximum downward bending, and the closing time of downward maximal forward bending was significantly later than that of backward maximal forward bending. The opening time was earlier than that of the backward maximal forward flexion. (2) The subjects with high downward maximal forward flexion still had high flexibility during the backward maximal forward flexion. There was a significant correlation between flexibility and pelvic inclination (P 0.05). The flexibility of backward maximum forward flexion and the bending angles of trunk inclination (P 0.05), link 2 (P 0.05). The length of human palm was correlated with downward maximum forward flexion (P 0.05), and there was no correlation with other human indexes. Conclusion: 1) The working time of the erector spine muscle was prolonged, the relaxation time was shortened, and the forward bending of the body was more vertical than the forward bending of the body. The flexibility values measured under the two methods were consistent; the correlation between the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity was greater than that between downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity; there was no correlation between the two bending methods and pelvic obliquity. 3) the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending was greater than that of downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity. There was no correlation between the resilience and the length of the related parts of the body, but there was a significant correlation between the resilience of the forward bending and the length of the palm of the hand. Ligament fascia is elongated, resulting in fatigue of the erector muscle, ligamentous laxity, and easily suffering from low back pain.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6
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