2016年欧洲杯四强球队有效进攻特征及比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 11:41

【摘要】：现代足球起源于19世纪的英国,并从英国扩展至整个欧洲,又从整个欧洲扩展到世界各地,欧洲逐渐成为足球运动发展的中心。到目前为止,欧洲依然是足球运动的主战场,拥有世界最高级别的联赛与球队,汇集了全世界最高水平的足球运动员,欧洲在足球各领域均已成为世界足球发展的风向标。欧洲足球锦标赛,简称欧锦赛、欧洲杯,是一项由欧洲足联成员国间参加的最高级别国家级赛事,其规模与影响力,是除世界杯赛事外的第二大赛事,若仅论参赛球队水平与球员能力,又要高于世界杯赛事。所以对欧洲足球锦标赛进行研究,可以很好的了解现代足球的发展和趋势。本文以2016年欧洲杯四强球队有效进攻特征为研究对象,通过文献研究、录像观察、逻辑分析、数理统计等方法,对2016年欧洲杯四强球队有效进攻从发起、发展、射门三个阶段进行对比分析,总结各队有效进攻特征,找寻四强球队有效进攻同异之处。根据研究结果,得到以下结论:第一,在有效进攻发起区域上,四强球队均是前场发起最多,中场其次,后场则最少;在获得球权方式上,四强球队都主要通过抢断方式获得球权,其他方式各队之间均有一定差别存在。第二,在有效进攻路线上,四强球队均主要选择中路—中路路线,其次是边路—中路路线;在有效进攻进攻方式上,四强球队都主要通过短传渗透方式,其他方式各队之间均有一定差别,且短传渗透、边路传中、定位球进攻方式成为最主要的进球进攻方式;在有效进攻传球次数上,四强球队趋于简捷,通过0-5次传球形成射门较多。第三,在四强球队有效进攻射门方式上,接球调整射门方式是最主要的射门方式,其次是头球方式,其他方式各队之间均有一定差别,且最终形成进球的主要是抢点射门、运球突破射门、头球射门三种方式;在射门区域上,3区与5区是四强球队射门最多的两个区域,进球射门区域也同样在这两个区域最多。第四,在进球时间段上,整体看下半场进球数要高于上半场,并且进球主要集中在上半场16-45min与下半场46-75min这两个时间段;进球球员位置上,虽然四强球队进球最多的位置不一致,但主要集中在前锋与前卫与中场位置球员进球较多。第五,从四强球队有效进攻发起、发展、射门三个阶段看,四强球队有很多共性的地方,同样也有一些细小的差异,传统强队在有效进攻特征上存在很大的相同与相似之处,而实力较弱的威尔士队,虽与三支传统强队有一定差别,但在多数主要特征上还是较为相似。同时结合所得结论,提出以下建议:第一,球队在比赛中应贯彻全攻全守的战术思想,要进行更多的高位逼抢或拦截,前场与中场球员需要更多的参与到防守当中,帮助本队获得球权,而且要尽可能在前场获得球权,缩短进攻的距离的同时,也为本方防线减少压力。第二,有效进攻要尽可能趋于简捷,传球次数要尽可能减少,避免过多的回传与转移性传球。进攻路线的选择不能过于单一,应更多尝试边路与中场的结合进攻路线,使有效进攻更加立体。进攻方式应主要采取短传渗透、边路传中、定位球这三种方式进行。第三,射门方式应尽可能采取抢点射门、运球突破射门、头球射门,三种射门难度较大,但进球率较高,而接球调整射门方式,球员应选择好的射门时机,同时要尝试将时机不好的接球调整射门方式转化为效率更好的射门方式。在射门区域上,应尽可能在3区与5区完成射门最佳,避免距离过近与过远射门或角度不好的射门。第四,在比赛开始后,球员要尽快调整状态,适应比赛节奏。下半场开始的30分钟内,要加强进攻,同时要有足够的体能优势,以及合理的体能分配策略,在比赛结束阶段,除了要稳固防守外,要继续保持进攻势头,给对方防守造成压力的同时牵制对方进攻能力。从进球球员位置看,要增加进攻的人数,形成人数优势。第五,增加有效进攻的次数,提高有效进攻的质量是进攻战术中最为关键的。我们所要做的就是将历史的经验与当前先进的足球理念结合,从中找寻适合我国足球的理念,为我国足球进步与发展奉上微薄之力。
[Abstract]:Modern football originated in Britain in the 19th century, and expanded from Britain to Europe, and from Europe to the rest of the world. Europe has gradually become the center of football development. The European Football Championship, referred to as the European Championship and the European Cup, is the highest level of national competition among European Football Federation member states. Its scale and influence is the second largest event except the World Cup, if only the team level and players. Therefore, the study of European Football Championship can well understand the development and trend of modern football. This paper takes the effective attacking characteristics of the top four teams of the 2016 European Cup as the research object, through literature research, video observation, logical analysis, mathematical statistics and other methods, to study the top four teams of the 2016 European Cup. According to the research results, the following conclusions can be drawn: first, in the area of effective attack initiation, the top four teams are the most in the front court, the second in the midfield, the least in the back court; In terms of mode, the top four teams mainly get the ball right by stealing, and there are some differences between the teams in other ways. Second, in the effective attack route, the top four teams mainly choose the middle route - the middle route, followed by the side - the middle route; in the effective attack mode, the top four teams are mainly through short pass infiltration. There are some differences between the other teams, and short pass penetration, side pass, set-piece attack has become the most important way of attack; in the number of effective attack passes, the top four teams tend to be simple, through 0-5 passes to shoot more. It is the most important shooting method, followed by heading method, and there are some differences between the other teams, and the final goal is to snatch the point shot, dribble breakthrough shot, heading shot three ways; in the shooting area, three and five areas are the top four teams shoot the most, the goal shooting area is also in these two areas Fourth, in the goal period, the overall number of goals in the second half is higher than that in the first half, and the goals mainly concentrated in the first half 16-45 minutes and the second half 46-75 minutes of these two periods; goal player position, although the top four teams scored the most inconsistent position, but mainly concentrated in the forward and guard and midfield position players to score goals. Fifth, from the three stages of effective attack initiation, development and shooting, the top four teams have many similarities, but also some small differences. The traditional strong teams have great similarities and similarities in the effective attack characteristics, while the weaker Welsh team, although there are some differences with the three traditional strong teams, but At the same time, combined with the conclusions, the following suggestions are put forward: First, the team should carry out the tactical thinking of full attack and full defense in the game, more high position pressing or intercepting, more front and midfield players need to participate in the defense, to help the team get the ball, and as far as possible in the front court to win. Second, the effective attack should be as simple as possible, the number of passes should be reduced as far as possible, avoiding too many returns and transferable passes. Attacking ways should mainly adopt three ways: short pass penetration, side pass, set-pieces. Thirdly, shooting ways should adopt as far as possible to snatch a point shot, dribble breakthrough shot, header shot, three kinds of shooting more difficult, but the goal rate is higher, while receiving the ball to adjust the shooting method, the player should choose a good shooting time, and try at the same time. In the shooting area, we should try our best to finish shooting in 3 and 5 zones, avoid shooting too close or too far or with poor angle. Fourthly, after the start of the game, the players should adjust their state as soon as possible to adapt to the pace of the game. At the end of the game, in addition to maintaining a solid defense, we should continue to maintain the offensive momentum, which will cause pressure on the defense of the other side and restrain the offensive ability of the other side. From the position of the goal players, we should increase the number of offensive players and form a number advantage. Fifthly, increasing the number of effective attacks and improving the quality of effective attacks are the most critical offensive tactics. What we need to do is to combine the historical experience with the current advanced football concepts, to find out the ideas suitable for our country's football, and to give our football progress and development a modest force.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

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