基于巩立姣专项技术的体能训练研究

发布时间：2018-10-13 09:52

【摘要】：本文以基于铅球专项技术的体能训练为研究对象,采用文献资料法、录像拍摄法、录像解析法、记录法、数理统计法与对比分析法为研究方法,通过对伦敦奥运会女子铅球亚军、北京世锦赛女子铅球亚军巩立姣专项技术进行高速摄影拍摄、解析,根据解析的结果找出技术环节中存在的问题和不足,针对这些问题和不足来设计相应的体能训练,意在通过这些针对性的体能训练来改善技术环节中存在的问题和不足,而这些体能训练的设计是在2015-2016年国家女子铅球队冬训期间,笔者对巩立姣及其他国家女子铅球运动员平时的体能训练观察和记录的基础上完成的,具有真实性。本文的撰写旨在为巩立姣备战2016年里约奥运会提供参考,并为帮助教练员制定训练计划和讲解技术动作的时候更有针对性,提高训练的效率,而且为铅球其他运动员和教练员科学训练提供参考。通过研究得出以下结论:1在滑步阶段,巩立姣存在滑步距离较短的问题,针对滑步距离较短设计的体能训练主要从增强腿部力量和右小腿收拉速度来入手的。2在滑步阶段,巩立姣存在身体重心上下起伏过大的问题,这是由蹬地角过大造成的,针对该技术的不足设计的体能训练主要从加强神经对身体的控制能力来入手的。3在过渡阶段,巩立姣存在过渡时间较长和双支撑步长过大的问题。针对过渡时间较长的体能训练主要从增强左髋和左腿的内外侧力量来设计的,针对双支撑步长过大的问题,主要是从增强核心力量,加快身体重心移动来设计的体能训练。4在过渡阶段,巩立姣存在上体过早抬起的问题,这主要是因为从右脚着地到左脚着地瞬间,躯干前倾角变化较大,左肩过早打开造成的,针对此问题主要从增强躯干和左肩的力量以及两者协调用力来设计的体能训练。5在最后用力阶段,巩立姣最后出手速度较快,属于世界先进水平,这和她平时的专项体能训练分是不开的,巩立姣在出手速度方面的体能训练主要是从发展全身协调用力来入手的。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the physical training based on shot put is used as the research object, and the methods of literature, video recording, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis are used as the research methods. Through the high-speed photography of the women's shot put runner-up in the London Olympic Games and the women's shot put runner-up in the Beijing World Championship, the paper analyzes and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in the technical links according to the results of the analysis. Aiming at these problems and shortcomings, the aim of designing the corresponding physical training is to improve the problems and deficiencies in the technical links through the targeted physical training, which was designed during the national women's lead team winter training in 2015-2016. On the basis of observation and record of physical training of female shot put athletes from Gong Lijiao and other countries, the author has the reality. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for Gong Lijiao to prepare for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, and to help coaches formulate training plans and explain their technical movements in a more targeted way and improve the efficiency of training. And for shot put other athletes and coaches to provide a reference for scientific training. The following conclusions are drawn from the study: 1 in the sliding stage, Gong Lijiao has the problem of short distance of sliding step. The physical training designed for short distance of sliding step mainly starts with enhancing leg strength and pulling speed of right lower leg. 2 in the sliding step stage, Gong Lijiao has the problem that the body's center of gravity fluctuates too much up and down, which is caused by the excessive pedal angle. The physical training designed for the lack of this technique mainly starts with strengthening the nerve's ability to control the body. 3 in the transitional stage, Gong Lijiao has the problems of long transition time and too long double support step. The physical training for the long transition period is mainly designed to enhance the internal and external strength of the left hip and the left leg, and to solve the problem of excessive double support step, it mainly aims at enhancing the core strength. During the transition period, Gong Lijiao had the problem of premature lifting of the upper body, which was mainly due to the fact that the torso front inclination changed greatly and the left shoulder opened prematurely from the moment of landing on the ground of the right foot to the ground of the left foot. Aiming at this problem, physical training designed mainly from strengthening the strength of the trunk and the left shoulder and coordinating the strength between the two. 5 in the final exertion stage, Gong Lijiao's final release speed is relatively fast and belongs to the advanced level in the world. This and her usual special physical training is inseparable, Gong Lijiao's physical training in the speed of the hand is mainly from the development of the coordinated strength of the whole body to start.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.1

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