我国部分优秀女子铁饼运动员最后用力技术的三维运动学特征分析

发布时间：2018-10-16 22:35

【摘要】：本文综合运用了文献资料法、录像拍摄法、三维录像解析法、数理统计法等研究方法,用两台JVC-GC-P100摄像机对2016“菲普莱杯”全国田径锦标赛暨全运会测试赛女子铁饼决赛现场进行拍摄,以参加2016“菲普莱杯”全国田径锦标赛暨全运会测试赛女子铁饼决赛前8名运动员最好成绩的最后用力技术特征为研究对象,对8名运动员比赛成绩与最后用力的运动参数的相关性进行检验分析。结果表明:1.八名运动员在初始加速阶段仅在个别速度指标上有所差异,左脚着地瞬间左膝、左肩的水平速度、左肩合速度越大说明此瞬间左脚着地速度快且左侧制动效果好,其投掷成绩就会越好;左脚着地瞬间铁饼向下作用力越大说明此瞬间运动员通过右侧转动带动铁饼向下运动效果明显,成绩就会越好,谭建和谷思雨左脚着地瞬间铁饼水平速度与合速度与其他几名运动员有较大的差异。8名运动员在出手瞬间右侧肩关节、髋关节的水平速度以及该阶段身体水平方向上速度差值越大,投掷成绩就会越好。2.八名运动员在最后用力的初始加速阶段角度变化有较大的差异,左脚着地瞬间左踝角的角度越小说明此瞬间运动员左侧支撑较好,对投掷成绩的影响越好,铁饼运行至最低点瞬间拉引角越大身体胸肩的伸展越充分对投掷成绩的影响就会越好。3.八名运动员左脚落地瞬间两脚间距越小,两腿夹角越小,越有利于铁饼向前上方运动,投掷成绩就会越好,最后用力的最后加速阶段铁饼的垂直向上的位移越大其投掷成绩就会越好。4.最后加速所用时间越短,身体爆发力就越好,其投掷成绩也就越好。其中谭建在最后用力的两阶段用时都为0.08比值为1说明其最后用力阶段铁饼速度的节奏掌握的很好。5.影响八名运动员投掷成绩主要有器械的出手速度较低,器械出手角度过大,出手点较低等因素,这与其在最后用力时各个阶段中身体和铁饼的速度、角度、位移等技术以及铁饼运行所用时间有着较大的关联。希望通过本论文研究,从理论上,为明确运动员最后用力各项技术指标的差异及造成投掷成绩优劣的原因提供依据;在实践上对教练员在日常训练以及调控运动员的训练过程提供参考依据,对培养优秀的女子铁饼运动后备竞技人才具有实践指导意义。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a comprehensive use of literature, video photography, three-dimensional video analysis, mathematical statistics and other research methods, Two JVC-GC-P100 cameras were used to film the women's discus final of the 2016 "Fipri Cup" National track and Field Championships and the National Games Test Competition. Taking the final exertion technical characteristics of the top 8 athletes in the women's discus final in the 2016 "Fipri Cup" National track and Field Championships and National Games as the research objects, The correlation between the final strength and the performance of 8 athletes was tested and analyzed. The results show that: 1. At the initial acceleration stage, the eight athletes only have some differences in the individual speed indexes. The left knee, the horizontal speed of the left shoulder and the closing speed of the left shoulder at the moment of landing on the ground of the left foot, the greater the speed of the closing of the left shoulder, the faster the landing speed of the left foot and the better the braking effect on the left side. The greater the downward force of the discus on the left foot, the better the performance of the discus downward motion will be, if the player moves down through the right side of the discus. Tan Jian and Gu Siyu had great differences between the discus horizontal speed and the speed of discus at the moment of landing on the ground with their left foot. The greater the horizontal speed of the hip and the greater the velocity difference in the horizontal direction of the body during this phase, the better the throwing results. 2. 2. The angle change of the eight athletes in the initial acceleration stage of the final force has great difference. The smaller the angle of the left ankle angle in the moment of left foot landing on the ground, the better the left support of the athlete, the better the impact on the throwing result. The bigger the pull angle of the discus running to the lowest point, the fuller the stretch of the chest and shoulder will have an effect on the throwing result. 3. 3. The smaller the distance between the two feet and the smaller the angle between the legs at the moment the eight athletes hit the ground, the more favorable it is to move the discus forward and above, and the better the result of throwing will be. The greater the vertical displacement of the discus, the better the throwing result. 4. The shorter the final acceleration, the better the body explosiveness and the better the throwing performance. Tan Jian's ratio of 0.08 in the two stages of final exertion shows that the rhythm of discus speed in the final exertion stage is very good. The main factors that affect the performance of the eight athletes in throwing are the lower speed of throwing, the greater the angle of release, the lower the point of release, etc., which is similar to the speed and angle of the body and discus in each stage of the final exertion. Displacement and other technology and discus operation time has a greater correlation. It is hoped that through the research of this paper, it can theoretically provide the basis for clarifying the differences of various technical indexes of the athletes' final exertion and the reasons for the merits and demerits of the throwing results. In practice, it provides a reference for coaches in the daily training and regulation of athletes training process, and has practical guiding significance for training excellent female discus sports reserve competitive talents.
【学位授予单位】：天津体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G824.2

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