高职院校体育课田径教学与学生身体素质的研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 12:37

【摘要】：高等职业教育作为我国高等教育体系和职业教育体系中的重要组成部分，为社会培养了一大批具有专业技能的人才，对促进我国社会进步和经济快速发展发挥了重要作用。然而，面对当前越来越激烈的就业形势，岗位对劳动者提出了更高的标准和要求，许多岗位要求工作在一线的技术人员在掌握技术的同时必须具有强健的体魄和良好的适应能力。这就要求学生不仅要有扎实的专业知识，熟练的职业技能和动手能力，更要具有能够从事和胜任生产工作的良好的身体素质。田径运动作为其他各项运动的基础，，是学校体育当中最基础的项目，能够有效的全面的发展学生的身体素质。体育课田径教学开展的好坏将直接影响学生身体素质的发展。尤其是当前学生身体素质处于不断下降的态势，爆发力、力量、耐力等身体素质指标下降明显。如果没有良好的身体素质，学生毕业后就不能很好的投入到工作，甚至影响到就业。因此学校体育要紧紧抓住田径运动对发展学生身体素质独有的项目优势，积极稳妥的开展田径教学，切切实实的把田径教学摆在学校体育的重中之重。本文选用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、实验法等研究方法对济南市8所高职院校体育课田径教学现状进行调查，并结合自身在山东电子职业技术学院实习的有利条件，对该校学生进行田径教学分组实验。通过调查发现当前高职院校田径教学开展的不是很乐观，田径课时数不足，教学内容比较陈旧，教学方法比较传统，器材不能满足学生的上课需要，学生对田径运动不感兴趣，影响教师积极性，都是阻碍田径运动发展的绊脚石。通过实验前后测得的身体素质指标进行统计分析，发现实以田径为授课内容的实验组男生和女生的速度、力量、耐力素质成绩明显高于实验前，具有极显著性差异（P＜0.01）。实验组男生柔韧素质较实验前有小幅提高，但不具有统计学意义（P＞0.05）。实验组女生柔韧性素质较实验前有明显提高，且具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）；以篮球为授课内容的对照组，实验后各项身体素质都有不同程度的提高，只有男生50米跑，男女生立定跳远，男生引体向上和男女生坐位体前屈测试成绩具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。通过实验数据清晰直观的反映出田径运动对提高学生身体素质的作用，有针对性的提出促进济南市高职院校田径教学可持续发展的对策。对策：1正确认识田径运动的功能和价值 2调整教学计划，增加田径课的课时量 3改革传统的田径教学模式，开辟新的教学方法 4增加经费投入，改善田径教学条件 5加强师资队伍建设，提高教学专业水平
[Abstract]:As an important part of our higher education system and vocational education system, higher vocational education has trained a large number of talents with professional skills for the society, and has played an important role in promoting social progress and rapid economic development in China. However, in the face of the increasingly fierce employment situation at present, jobs have put forward higher standards and requirements for workers. Many positions require skilled personnel who work in the front line must have strong physique and good adaptability while mastering the skills. This requires students not only to have solid professional knowledge, skilled vocational skills and hands-on ability, but also to be able to engage in and competent in the production of good physical quality. As the basis of other sports, track and field is the most basic item in school sports, which can effectively develop students' physical quality. The development of track and field teaching in physical education will directly affect the development of students' physical quality. Especially at present, students' physical quality is in a state of continuous decline, such as explosive force, strength, endurance and so on. Without good physical fitness, students can not work well after graduation, or even affect employment. Therefore, school sports should tightly grasp the unique advantages of track and field sports to develop students' physical quality, actively and steadily carry out track and field teaching, and put track and field teaching in the top priority of school physical education. The present situation of track and field teaching in 8 higher vocational colleges in Jinan is investigated by the methods of literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics and experiment. Combining with the favorable conditions of practicing in Shandong Electronic Vocational and Technical College, this paper carries on the track and field teaching grouping experiment to the students of this school. Through the investigation, it is found that the current track and field teaching in higher vocational colleges is not very optimistic, the number of class hours in track and field is insufficient, the teaching contents are relatively old, the teaching methods are more traditional, the equipment can not meet the needs of the students in class, and the students are not interested in track and field sports. Affect the enthusiasm of teachers, are obstacles to the development of track and field. Through the statistical analysis of the physical fitness indexes measured before and after the experiment, it was found that the scores of speed, strength and endurance of the boys and girls in the experimental group with track and field as the teaching content were significantly higher than those before the experiment (P < 0.01). The flexibility of male students in the experimental group was slightly higher than that before the experiment, but not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The flexibility of female students in the experimental group was significantly improved than that before the experiment (P < 0.05), and in the control group with basketball as the teaching content, the physical fitness was improved to some extent after the experiment, and only the boys ran 50 meters. The results of standing long jump for boys and boys were statistically significant (P < 0.05), and the scores of body flexion for boys and girls were significantly higher than those for boys (P < 0.05). Through the experimental data clearly and intuitively reflect the effect of track and field sports on improving the students' physical quality, and put forward the countermeasures to promote the sustainable development of track and field teaching in Jinan higher vocational colleges. Countermeasures: 1 correctly understand the function and value of track and field 2 adjust the teaching plan, increase the class time of track and field class 3, reform the traditional track and field teaching mode, To open up a new teaching method 4 to increase the investment of funds, to improve the teaching conditions of track and field 5 to strengthen the construction of the teaching staff and to raise the level of teaching specialty
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G82-4

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