初次进行高原训练对青少年游泳运动员运动能力及通气功能的影响

发布时间：2018-11-11 19:15

【摘要】：目的:本研究试探讨高原训练对初次参与者通气功能及运动成绩的影响,并结合多次参与者进行对比分析。方法:(1)选取初次高原训练的游泳运动员(FT组)10人,多次参与高原训练的游泳运动员(MT组)8人,进行25天高原训练。(2)高原训练前2天内和高原训练返回平原后第10天,进行200米自由泳测试。FT组还测试50米、100米自由泳成绩。(3)高原训练第2天及高原训练第25天,进行递增负荷试验(GXT),并用通气功能测试系统采集气体数据。(4)测试过程中和测试后恢复期的3分钟、6分钟、9分钟采集指标:每分通气量(VE)、摄氧量(VO2)、相对摄氧量(VO2/kg)、潮气量(TV)、生理无效腔(VD/TV)、呼吸频率(RF)、心率(HR)、血乳酸(BLA)、氧饱和度(Sp O2)、主观感觉疲劳程度(RPE)。(5)对受试者进行生理生化指标及主观感觉的监控。(6)数据处理:用统计软件对数据进行统计分析,结果均以平均数±标准差表示。结果:(1)高原训练后FT组运动员100米自由泳、200米自由泳成绩均有显著提升,而MT组运动成绩并无显著变化。(2)对比VO2max点时各项通气指标水平,高原训练后FT组、MT组的O2P均有显著增加。对比同一时期FT组和MT组VO2max点时HR指标水平,高原训练末期MT组显著高于FT组。(3)在高原训练初末的GXT中,VE、VD/TV、RF及VE/VO2均存在显著组间差异,均表现出MT组显著高于FT组。而VO2指标则表现出高原训练初期FT显著低于MT组。(4)高原训练初末期的GXT中FT组Sp O2水平显著高于MT组;高原训练末期GXT后的恢复期内FT组HR水平显著高于MT组,FT组Sp O2水平显著高于MT组。结论:高原训练可以有效提高运动员运动能力,且初次高原训练运动员比多次高原训练运动员的运动成绩变化显著。高原末期运动员肺通气功能得到提升,运动员安静状态下的基础通气量增加,机体摄氧能力提高,可以更好的缓解缺氧影响。初次高原训练运动员在高原训练末期虽然有氧能力得到提升,但易出现训练耐力降低的现象。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the effect of altitude training on ventilation function and performance of primary participants. Methods: (1) 10 swimmers (FT group) and 8 swimmers (MT group) who participated in altitude training for the first time were selected. During the first 2 days of plateau training and the 10th day after the plateau training returned to the plain, 200m freestyle was tested. The FT group also tested 50 meters. Results of 100m freestyle. (3) on the second day of plateau training and the 25th day of altitude training, (GXT), was performed to collect gas data with the ventilation function test system. (4) during and after the test, the recovery period was 3 minutes. (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), relative oxygen uptake (VO2/kg), tidal volume (TV), physiological invalid chamber (VD/TV), respiratory rate (RF), heart rate (HR), The blood lactate (BLA), oxygen saturation (Sp O 2), subjective sensation fatigue degree (RPE). (5) were monitored by physiological and biochemical indexes and subjective feeling. (6) data processing: statistical analysis of the data was carried out with statistical software. The results were expressed as mean 卤standard deviation. Results: (1) the results of 100m freestyle and 200m freestyle in FT group were significantly improved after high altitude training, but there was no significant change in MT group. (2) compared with the level of ventilation index at VO2max point, the FT group after high altitude training, the results of 100m freestyle and 200m freestyle were significantly improved after high altitude training. In MT group, O 2 P was significantly increased. The level of HR at VO2max point in FT group and MT group in the same period was significantly higher in MT group than in FT group at the end of high altitude training. (3) there was significant difference between VE,VD/TV,RF and VE/VO2 in GXT at the beginning and end of high altitude training. All showed that MT group was significantly higher than FT group. The VO2 index showed that FT was significantly lower in the early stage of high altitude training than that in the MT group. (4) the Sp O2 level of FT group was significantly higher than that of MT group in GXT at the early and late stage of high altitude training. The level of HR in FT group was significantly higher than that in MT group, and the Sp O2 level in FT group was significantly higher than that in MT group during the recovery period after GXT at the end of high altitude training. Conclusion: altitude training can effectively improve athletes' sports ability, and the initial altitude training athletes' sports performance is significantly different from that of multiple plateau training athletes. At the end of plateau, the pulmonary ventilation function of athletes was improved, the basic ventilation volume of athletes in quiet state increased, and the ability of body oxygen uptake increased, which could better alleviate the effect of hypoxia. At the end of plateau training, although the aerobic capacity of the first plateau training athletes was improved, it was easy to appear the phenomenon of reduced training endurance.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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