我国优秀女子青少年网球运动员体质特征的研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 18:19

【摘要】：优秀网球运动员比赛结果是多种要素的综合反映。身体形态、生理机能、身体素质一定程度上对网球运动员竞技能力有影响,也是运动员体质特征的重要指标。网球运动在我改过受到越来越多的关注,特别是女子网球,在国际比赛中不断获得好的名次,但是在我国著名运动员李娜宣布退役后,培养女子网球后备人才成了当务之急。青少年运动员正处于身体发育的重要时期,所以研究青少年转型时期的体质,对我国优秀青少年女子网球运动员体质特征进行客观的评价,加强选材和选拔工作科学性,从而全面提升运动员的竞技能力。本问研究主要采用文献资料法整理和研究最新的有关运动员身体形态、身体机能、身体素质的文献资料。通过专家访谈和问卷调查,对我国青年女子网球领队,教练和体育学科专家进进行咨询,确定最终测试指标。根据对24个国家队12-15岁优秀青少年女子网球运动员的指标测量结果,得出我国优秀青少年女子网球运动员体质特征指标数据,以12个普通运动员作对比,采用数理统计法对两组运动员体质特征指标进行对比分析。得出以下结论:1.在身体形态方面,在优秀组与对照组的身体形态指标对比中发现,长度指标中,优秀组与对照组在身高、指间距、下肢长B指标中不具有显著性,但是优秀组这三项指标的平均值均高于对照组;在宽度指标中优秀组与对照组在肩宽、股骨髋、肘宽指标中虽不具有显著性差异,但是平均值均高于对照组;在围度指标中,优秀组与对照组胸围指标具有显著性差异,优秀组明显高于对照组,而上臂紧张围、上臂放松围、大腿围不具有显著性差异,且平均值基本相等;在充实度指标对比中发现FAT%、克托莱具有显著性差异,优秀组明显高于对照组,而体重指标虽不具有显著性差异,但却高于对照组。综上说明我国优秀青少年女子网球运动员身材匀称、胸阔、健壮、体脂含量较低、发育良好。2.在生理机能方面,优秀组与对照组在最大摄氧量与脚步多向反应时指标上有显著性差距,优秀组明显优于对照组。在肺活量、安静心率指标上不具有显著性差距。综上说明我国优秀青少年女子网球运动员肢体力量协调性好,反应灵敏,间接说明运动员具有较强的专项耐力。3.在身体素质方面,优秀组与对照组在速度指标对比中发现,冲刺系列、米字跑、BEEPTEST均具有显著性差异,优秀组明显优于对照组;在力量素质指标中对比发现,15秒仰卧两头起、握力、40秒俯卧撑、实心球系列指标中不具有显著性差异,两组在平均值上基本相等。综上说明我国优秀青少年女子网球运动员具有较强的专项耐力、核心力量、肢体力量、柔韧性。
[Abstract]:The result of excellent tennis players is a comprehensive reflection of many factors. To some extent, physical form, physiological function and physical quality have influence on tennis players' competitive ability, and are also important indexes of athletes' physical characteristics. Tennis has been paid more and more attention to in my reform, especially women's tennis, which keeps getting a good place in international competitions. However, after Li Na, a famous Chinese athlete, announced his retirement, it has become an urgent task to train women tennis reserve talents. Young athletes are in an important period of physical development, so we study the physique of teenagers in the transition period, evaluate the physique characteristics of our country's outstanding young women tennis players, and strengthen the scientific nature of the selection and selection of young women tennis players. In order to improve the overall competitive ability of athletes. This research mainly uses the literature method to organize and research the newest documents about athletes' body shape, body function and physical quality. Through expert interview and questionnaire survey, the author consulted the leader, coach and sports expert of Chinese young women's tennis team to determine the final test index. According to the result of the index measurement of the 12 to 15 year old female tennis players of 24 national teams, the physique characteristic index data of the outstanding young women tennis players of our country were obtained, and compared with 12 ordinary athletes. The physical characteristics of the two groups of athletes were compared and analyzed by mathematical statistics. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. In terms of body shape, the comparison of body shape indexes between excellent group and control group showed that there was no significant difference between excellent group and control group in height, finger spacing, and lower limb length B index, among the length indexes, there was no significant difference between the excellent group and the control group in height, finger spacing, and lower extremity length. But the average value of the three indexes in the excellent group was higher than that in the control group. There was no significant difference in shoulder width, femur hip and elbow width between the excellent group and the control group, but the average value was higher than that in the control group. Among the circumference indexes, there was significant difference between the excellent group and the control group in chest circumference. The excellent group was significantly higher than the control group, while the upper arm tension, upper arm relaxation, thigh circumference had no significant difference, and the average value was basically equal. It was found that FAT%, Ketole was significantly higher in the excellent group than in the control group, but the weight index was higher than that in the control group, although there was no significant difference in the index of body weight. In summary, our country's outstanding young women tennis players have a well-proportioned figure, broad chest, strong, low body fat content, and good development. 2. In terms of physiological function, there was a significant difference between excellent group and control group in the maximal oxygen uptake and the multidirectional step reaction time index, and the excellent group was obviously superior to the control group. There was no significant difference in vital capacity and quiet heart rate. The conclusion shows that the excellent young female tennis players in our country have good coordination of physical strength and sensitive reaction, and indirectly show that the athletes have strong special endurance. 3. In terms of physical quality, the excellent group and the control group in the comparison of speed indicators found that sprint series, meter run, BEEPTEST have significant differences, the excellent group is significantly better than the control group; In the index of strength quality, it was found that there was no significant difference in the index of 15 seconds supine, grip strength, 40 second push-ups and solid ball, and the average value of the two groups was basically equal. The conclusion shows that Chinese outstanding young women tennis players have strong special endurance, core strength, physical strength and flexibility.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G845

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