宁夏高校大学生体质健康现状调查与分析

发布时间：2018-12-18 03:44

【摘要】：高校学生是我国社会主义现代化建设的主力军,他们的健康发展预示着我国社会主义现代化的发展。他们体质健康水平的高低,不单关乎他们日后的生活质量,甚至影响我国社会主义现代化的发展进程。因此,通过了解现如今大学生的体质健康状况,探讨影响大学生体质健康的主要因素,采取切实可行的一些措施来提高我国大学生的身体素质,是极为重要的。同时提出有利于学生体质健康发展的切实可行的的建议,为教育部门制定决策提供科学的理论依据。本研究采取整群抽样的方法在宁夏地区抽取5所高校中男生580人,女生378人,共958人。以宁夏高校大学生体质健康现状为研究对象,采用文献资料法、测试法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法、对比法,对宁夏高校大学生体质健康测试数据、高校学校体育教育现状的问卷调查结果以及访谈记录结果进行统计分析,来了解宁夏高校大学生的体质健康现状,并找出影响宁夏高校大学生体质健康的主要因素,研究结果如下:1.宁夏高校大学生总体体质健康达标率主要分布在及格和良好两个等级,及格率达78.71%,良好率为 11.17%。2.宁夏高校大学生总体营养状况良好,从达标情况上看,低体重上男生占7.76%,女生则占3.70%,显示了男生营养不良的程度高于女生。但男生处于超重和肥胖等级的占16.38%,女生于超重和肥胖等级的占10.05%,男生低体重和超重率均高于女生。3.宁夏高校男生肺活量达标主要分布在及格和良好等级,及格率为59.48%,良好率为18.45%,优秀率为9.14%,女生肺活量达标主要分布在及格、良好、优秀等级,及格率达57.68%,良好率、优秀率分别为14.81%、15.34%。较2010年肺活量有非常显著性提高。4.宁夏高校大学生速度、爆发力、柔韧、耐力等素质达标率均主要分布在及格等级,总体水平较一般;但爆发力素质和耐力素质不及格率在10%以上,力量耐力素质男生引体向上不及格率高达68.62%,女生一分钟仰卧起坐不及格率高达42.07%,力量耐力素质急需改善。5.宁夏部分高校领导对体育重视程度不够,体育课时不达标、体育场地和体育教师缺乏,加上学生体育锻炼的意识薄弱,受各方面的影响,体育锻炼的次数较少,造成体质健康水平出现下降。针对上述结果综合分析大学生体质健康主要受体育锻炼意识单薄、不良的生活习惯以及家庭、学校、社会等因素的影响。因此,建议学校应严格执行《标准》,保证测试数据真实、有效;对大学生进行宣传教育,增强大学生体育锻炼意识,养成良好生活习惯;学校应增加体育经费的投入,满足学生的锻炼需求;体育教师应重视体育教学工工作,创新教学模式,改变传统的体育教学模式,丰富体育课程的内容,提高学生参与体育课的热情;相关部门加强组织管理,真正建立家庭、学校、社会三位一体的全民健身体系。
[Abstract]:College students are the main force in the socialist modernization construction of our country. Their healthy development indicates the development of our country's socialist modernization. The level of their physical health is not only related to their quality of life in the future, but also affects the development of socialist modernization in China. Therefore, it is very important to understand the physical health status of college students nowadays, to explore the main factors that affect the physical health of college students, and to take some feasible measures to improve the physical quality of college students in our country. At the same time, the author puts forward some feasible suggestions which are beneficial to the healthy development of students' physique, and provides a scientific theoretical basis for educational departments to make decisions. In this study, 580 male students and 378 female students (958) were selected from 5 colleges and universities in Ningxia by cluster sampling. Taking the present situation of the physical health of college students in Ningxia as the research object, this paper uses the methods of literature, test, questionnaire, interview, mathematical statistics and contrast to test the physical health of college students in Ningxia. In order to find out the current situation of physical health of college students in Ningxia and find out the main factors that affect the physical health of college students in Ningxia, the results of questionnaire and interview records of physical education in colleges and universities were analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The rate of reaching the standard of overall physical health of college students in Ningxia is mainly distributed in the two grades of passing and good, the pass rate is 78.71 and the good rate is 11.17.2. The overall nutritional status of college students in Ningxia is good. From the point of view of reaching the standard, the proportion of boys with low body weight is 7.76 and that of girls is 3.70, which shows that the degree of malnutrition of boys is higher than that of girls. However, 16.38% of boys were overweight and obese, 10.05% of girls were overweight and obese. The low weight and overweight rates of boys were higher than those of girls. The vital capacity of male students in Ningxia colleges and universities are mainly distributed in the pass and good grades, the passing rate is 59.48, the good rate is 18.45, the excellent rate is 9.14, and the female students' vital capacity standard is mainly distributed in the pass, good and excellent grades. The pass rate was 57.68, the good rate and the excellent rate were 14.81 and 15.34, respectively. Compared with 2010, there was a significant increase in vital capacity. 4. 4%. The rate of reaching the standard of speed, explosive power, flexibility, endurance and other qualities of college students in Ningxia is mainly distributed in the passing grade, and the overall level is relatively general. But the failure rate of explosive quality and endurance quality is more than 10%, the leading failure rate of strength endurance quality boys is up to 68.62, the rate of female sit-up failure is as high as 42.07, and the strength endurance quality needs to be improved. The leaders of some colleges and universities in Ningxia pay less attention to physical education, fail to meet the standard in physical education class, lack of sports venues and teachers, and the consciousness of physical exercise of students is weak, which is influenced by various aspects, and the number of physical exercises is less. Resulting in a decline in physical health. According to the above results, the physical health of college students is mainly affected by the weak consciousness of physical exercise, bad living habits, family, school, society and other factors. Therefore, it is suggested that the school should strictly carry out the "Standard", ensure that the test data are true and effective, publicize and educate college students, enhance their consciousness of physical exercise, and form good living habits. Schools should increase the input of sports funds to meet the training needs of students; Physical education teachers should pay attention to the work of physical education teaching, innovate teaching mode, change the traditional physical education teaching mode, enrich the content of physical education course, and improve the enthusiasm of students to participate in physical education class. Relevant departments to strengthen the organization and management of the real establishment of the family, school, social trinity of the national fitness system.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49

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