高校排球运动员四号位强攻扣球击球动作运动学与表面肌电特征分析

发布时间：2018-12-30 17:35

【摘要】：排球扣球在比赛中占有非常重要的地位,是得分的主要手段。扣球的成败,可以影响比赛的士气,是争取比赛胜利的关键环节。空中击球是完成扣球中最关键的环节之一,因此,有必要对其进行深入的研究。本研究采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、测试法、数理统计法等方法,以体育专业类高校6名排球主攻手作为测试对象,以其空中击球动作为研究对象,运用高速摄影和表面肌电测量的方法准确获取强攻扣球时空中击球阶段,各时间、各空间的运动学和表面肌电特征,从而揭示空中击球动作的基本规律和特点,有助于了解运动员空中击球阶段的用力特点,及各阶段肌肉的表面肌电特征,为今后排球扣球的教学和训练提供理论参考依据。研究结论表明:1.在空中击球阶段,受试者右侧膝关节伸展的幅度明显大于左侧膝关节;而在引臂阶段,左、右侧髋关节后伸的幅度相差不大;挥臂阶段,右侧髋关节幅度有所增加。2.击球时刻的右侧肩、肘关节角位移与掌指关节中心速度存在相关关系;受试者在击球时刻右肩关节角度伸展不够充分,右肘关节角度没有达到理论值。3.挥臂击球阶段的完成时间要短于引臂阶段的时间。挥臂阶段时间和总时间越短,掌指关节中心速度越大,挥臂扣球速度越快。4.挥臂击球时刻,身体重心高度与掌指关节中心速度存在正相关关系;引臂最大时刻和击球时刻,身体重心的合速度与掌指关节中心的速度之间存在正相关关系。5.引臂阶段,三角肌前束、肱二头肌、竖脊肌和斜方肌的贡献率较大;桡侧腕伸肌、腹外斜肌、肱三头肌和桡侧腕屈肌的贡献率较小。挥臂阶段,三角肌前束、三角肌后束、肱三头肌的肌肉贡献率较大;胸大肌、腹外斜肌、斜方肌、竖脊肌和桡侧腕屈肌的贡献率较小。6.三角肌前束在整个空中击球阶段的放电强度最大,腹外斜肌、桡侧腕屈肌则放电强度最弱。根据结论所给出的建议:1.建议运动员多加强上下肢的协调配合练习,通过膝关节的共同伸展来增强能量的依次传递。通过增加弹跳力的训练方法来提高击球点的高度;注意加强挥臂击球动作练习的合理性,通过增加扣球时肩、肘关节的角度,产生更佳的击球效果。2.建议运动员加强手臂快速击球的专项能力训练,从而缩短挥臂阶段时间和空中击球阶段总时间,提高扣球的质量。3.建议采用较为先进的体能训练方法,有针对性地增加三角肌前束、肱二头肌、三角肌后束和腹直肌等贡献率较大的肌肉的训练,增强这些肌肉参与扣球的能力。4.建议在今后的研究中要丰富研究方法,如增加动力学等方面的研究。同时,还建议根据受试者的运动等级、身高和体重来分组对比研究,从而更加深入地分析运动等级、身高和体重等因素对排球运动员4号位强攻扣球空中击球动作运动生物力学特征的影响。
[Abstract]:Volleyball spikes play a very important role in the game and are the main means of scoring. The success or failure of spiking can affect the morale of the game, is the key to win the game. Air shot is one of the most important links to finish the spike, so it is necessary to study it deeply. This research adopts the methods of literature, expert interview, test, mathematical statistics and so on, taking 6 volleyball main attackers of physical education specialty as the test object, and taking the air batting action as the research object. Using the methods of high speed photography and surface electromyography measurement, the kinematics and surface electromyography characteristics of the hitting stage, time and space in the time and space of strong attack and spiking are accurately obtained, thus revealing the basic laws and characteristics of the air batting action. It is helpful to understand the characteristics of force in air batting stage and the surface electromyography of muscles in each stage, and to provide a theoretical reference for the teaching and training of volleyball spiking in the future. The results show that: 1. In the stage of hitting in the air, the extension amplitude of the right knee joint is obviously larger than that of the left knee joint, while in the leading arm stage, the amplitude of the left and right hip extension is not different, and the amplitude of the right hip joint increases in the arm swing stage. 2. The angle displacement of the right shoulder and elbow joint is correlated with the central velocity of metacarpophalangeal joint, and the angle of the right shoulder joint is not sufficiently extended, and the angle of the right elbow joint does not reach the theoretical value. The completion time of the swing stroke stage is shorter than that of the leading arm stage. The shorter the time and total time of arm swing, the greater the center speed of the metacarpophalangeal joint and the faster the spike speed of the arm. 4. There is a positive correlation between the height of the center of gravity and the velocity of the center of the metacarpophalangeal joint, and between the closing speed of the body center of gravity and the velocity of the center of the metacarpophalangeal joint at the maximum moment of leading arm and the time of hitting. 5. The contribution rate of deltoid anterior bundle, biceps brachii muscle, vertical spinal muscle and trapezius muscle was larger than that of radial wrist extensor muscle, ventral oblique muscle, triceps brachii muscle and flexor Carpi radialis muscle. In arm swing stage, the muscle contribution rate of deltoid muscle anterior bundle, deltoid muscle posterior bundle, triceps brachii muscle was larger, and the contribution rate of pectoralis major muscle, ventral oblique muscle, trapezius muscle, vertical spinal muscle and flexor Carpi radialis muscle was small. 6. The discharge intensity of the anterior bundle of deltoid muscle was the largest in the whole air hitting stage, the intensity of the ventral oblique muscle and the flexor Carpi radialis muscle was the weakest. According to the conclusion of the recommendations: 1. It is suggested that athletes should strengthen coordination exercises of upper and lower limbs and enhance energy transmission through joint extension of knee joint. To improve the height of the batting point by increasing the spring force training method, to pay attention to strengthening the reasonableness of the swing stroke action practice, by increasing the angle of the shoulder and the elbow joint when spiking the ball, to produce a better batting effect. 2. It is suggested that the athletes should strengthen the special ability training of arm fast batting, so as to shorten the time of arm swing stage and the total time of air batting stage, and improve the quality of spiking. It is suggested that more advanced physical training methods should be adopted to increase the training of muscle with higher contribution rate, such as the anterior bundle of deltoid muscle, biceps brachii muscle, posterior bundle of deltoid muscle and rectus abdominis muscle, so as to enhance the ability of these muscles to participate in spiking. 4. It is suggested that the research methods, such as increasing kinetics, should be enriched in the future research. At the same time, it is suggested that the subjects should be grouped and compared according to their motor grade, height and weight, so as to analyze the sports grade more deeply. The effects of height and weight on the biomechanical characteristics of volleyballers in position 4 attack and spiking in the air.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G842

【参考文献】