体操平衡木项目前空翻类动作技术的运动学分析

发布时间：2019-03-25 18:53

【摘要】：目的:前空翻类动作在平衡木比赛中使用频率最高。通过对比4个不同难度前空翻动作和不同水平运动员完成相同难度动作时的运动学指标差异,探讨不同难度动作在动作技术上的内在联系和顶尖运动员的动作技术特点,为运动员学习掌握前空翻类高难度动作提供科学依据。方法:对两次全国体操锦标赛的20个前空翻类动作(9个A难度,8个B难度和3个C难度)和国家队训练时的1个D难度动作进行高速三维拍摄。应用SIMI进行图像解析,SPSS 21.0进行统计学分析。结果:运动员完成高难度动作时,助跑速度较高、起跳水平速度减少值较大、起跳蹬伸时间较短、起跳角较大(接近垂直90°)、垂直腾空速度较大,但水平腾空速度无差异。顶尖运动员完成较低难度动作时同样表现出以上运动学特征。结论:顶尖运动员完成高难度动作和低难度动作时,均表现出在有限距离内获得更大助跑水平速度的出色加速能力,将助跑积累的水平速度转化为垂直速度的优秀速度转化能力,将腾空时水平速度保持在适当范围的非常精准的速度控制能力,控制起跳角非常接近垂直角度的良好姿态控制能力。建议:运动员在学习高难度动作前应注重发展下肢力量素质以及速度和姿态控制能力。
[Abstract]:Objective: forward somersault is the most frequently used in balance beam competition. By comparing the differences of kinematics indexes between 4 different difficulty forward somersault movements and different levels of athletes when completing the same difficulty movements, this paper discusses the inherent connection of different difficulty movements in motion techniques and the movement technical characteristics of top athletes, and makes a comparison between the four different difficulty movements and different levels of athletes when they complete the same difficulty movements. It provides a scientific basis for athletes to learn and master the high-difficulty movement of front-air flipping. Methods: high-speed three-dimensional shooting was performed on 20 forward somersault movements (9 A difficulty, 8 B difficulty and 3 C difficulty) in two national gymnastics tournaments and 1 D difficulty movement during national team training. SIMI was used for image analysis and SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: when the athletes completed the difficult movement, the speed of running-up was higher, the value of taking-off horizontal velocity was larger, the time of taking-off pedaling was shorter, the angle of take-off was larger (close to the vertical 90 掳), the vertical take-off velocity was larger, but there was no difference in the horizontal take-off velocity. The top athletes also show the above-mentioned kinematics characteristics when they complete the lower difficulty movements. Conclusion: when the top athletes complete the high-difficulty and low-difficulty movements, they both show the excellent acceleration ability to achieve a greater level of running-up speed within a limited distance. Convert the accumulated horizontal speed of the run-up into the excellent speed conversion capability of the vertical velocity, and maintain a very precise speed control capability in the right range for the horizontal velocity of the flight-time. Good attitude control ability to control takeoff angle very close to vertical angle. It is suggested that athletes should pay attention to the development of lower limb strength and speed and attitude control before learning difficult movements.
【作者单位】：宁波大学大健康研究院体育学院;国家体育总局体育科学研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11672080) 国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本业务费课题(基本17-01)
【分类号】：G832.7

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