羽毛球专项运动对踝关节肌肉共收缩活动的影响研究

发布时间：2019-04-04 12:11

【摘要】：目的:对比高水平羽毛球专项运动员与普通大学生在等速屈伸踝关节运动中的拮抗肌共收缩水平,探讨羽毛球专项运动对屈伸踝关节运动中拮抗肌共收缩水平的影响作用,从神经生理学角度揭示羽毛球专项运动与踝关节神经肌肉控制的内在联系。方法:受试者以8名高校高水平羽毛球运动员作为实验组,10名普通大学生为对照组。分别进行屈伸踝关节静态最大自主收缩力测试,并以30°/s、60°/s、120°/s、180°/s的角速度进行踝关节屈伸运动。记录实验过程中受试者屈伸踝关节峰值力矩和受试者胫骨前肌、外侧腓肠肌表面肌电信号(s EMG)。基于s EMG计算踝关节背屈和跖屈运动中的拮抗肌共收缩水平。采用重复测量方差分析对实验组与对照组测试参数的差异性进行检验(主体内因素:关节收缩角速度;主体间效应:实验组-对照组)。结果:实验组在4种角速度下的屈、伸踝关节峰值力矩都显著高于对照组,其中背屈峰值力矩的差别尤为明显。实验组受试者踝关节背屈时的拮抗肌共收缩水平要显著低于对照组,而跖屈时的拮抗肌共收缩水平则无显著性差异。结论:长期的羽毛球专项运动引起踝关节背屈运动的拮抗肌共收缩水平降低,关节净力矩及肌肉收缩效率提高。这些羽毛球运动引起的拮抗肌共收缩活动改变,是在专项运动对人体运动能力的特定需要下,运动皮层及脊髓等中枢神经系统功能活动产生适应性改变,并在此基础上形成拮抗肌活动控制的特定固化模式而产生的。
[Abstract]:Objective: to compare the contractile contractility level of antagonistic muscles between high-level badminton athletes and ordinary college students in constant-speed ankle movement, and to explore the effect of badminton special exercise on antagonistic muscle co-contraction level in flexion-extension ankle movement. From the point of view of neurophysiology, the relationship between badminton exercise and ankle joint neuromuscular control was revealed. Methods: eight high-level badminton players were used as the experimental group and 10 college students as the control group. The maximum static contractility of flexion and extension ankle was tested, and the angular velocities of 30 掳/ s, 60 掳/ s, 120 掳/ s, 180 掳/ s were used for ankle flexion and extension exercise. The peak torque of ankle flexion and extension and the electromyographic signal (s EMG). On the surface of tibialis anterior muscle and lateral gastrocnemius muscle were recorded during the experiment. The contractile level of antagonistic muscles in ankle dorsal flexion and metatarsal flexion was calculated based on s-EMG. The variance analysis of repeated measurement was used to test the difference of test parameters between the experimental group and the control group (intra-main factor: angular velocity of joint contraction; inter-main effect: experimental group-control group). Results: the peak torque of flexion and extension of ankle joint in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at four angular velocities, especially the difference of the peak torque of the dorsal flexion. The contractile level of antagonistic muscles in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, but there was no significant difference in the co-contraction level of the antagonistic muscles in the metatarsal flexion. Conclusion: long-term badminton special exercise can reduce the contractile level of antagonistic muscles in ankle dorsiflexion movement and improve the joint net torque and muscle contraction efficiency. These changes in antagonistic muscle contraction caused by badminton exercise are adaptive changes in the functional activities of the central nervous system, such as the motor cortex and spinal cord, under the specific needs of special exercise on the human body's motor ability. And on this basis, the formation of antagonistic muscle activity control of the specific curing mode produced.
【作者单位】：同济大学体育教学部运动与健康研究中心;上海体育学院运动科学学院;同济大学医学院;
【基金】：上海市体育局科技综合计划项目(16Z013) 同济大学教学改革研究与建设项目,同济大学第十二期实验教学改革项目
【分类号】：G847

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