不同锻炼强度对大学生工作记忆负荷的影响
发布时间：2019-06-21 20:29
【摘要】：工作记忆是一种对信息进行归类、编码和组装、并进行暂时性地加工与储存,工作记忆容量有限,并与长时记忆中的信息发生联系,通过复述信息,将信息转化为长时记忆。工作记忆在记忆系统中起着重要的作用,按记忆类型分为言语工作记忆与空间工作记忆。体育锻炼能够提高人们的认知功能,如注意、记忆力、控制能力等。体育锻炼对人们工作记忆影响的研究较少,现有的研究认为,体育锻炼能够扩大工作记忆容量,提高工作效率,但是,锻炼强度对工作记忆负荷有何影响仍待进一步探究,本研究将从行为数据并结合脑电证据来探讨锻炼强度对工作记忆负荷的影响。本研究主要以80名普通大学生为被试,采用4×2×2混合实验设计,因变量为工作记忆负荷,用行为数据和脑电数据测量,行为数据指标:正确率、反应时;脑电指标为:N2、P300成分,自变量为锻炼强度、工作记忆类型、工作记忆负荷,锻炼强度为组间变量(控制组、小强度组、中等强度组以及大强度组),记忆类型(言语工作记忆、空间工作记忆)与记忆负荷(低负荷、高负荷)为组内变量。基于E-prime软件,采用样本延迟匹配任务测量被试的工作记忆负荷任务,收集被试的正确率和反应时,利用ERP脑电系统收集被试的脑电数据,综合分析不同锻炼强度对大学生工作记忆负荷的影响。对正确率和反应时数据进行多元方差分析可得,被试在完成样本延迟匹配任务的正确率上,不同锻炼强度组之间不存在显著差异,在反应时上存在显著差异,中等强度组被试的工作记忆效果最佳;对ERP脑电系统收集被试的脑电信号,并对其N2、P300的波幅与潜伏期进行单变量方差分析可得,不同锻炼强度组之间N2的波幅、潜伏期存在显著性差异,P300的波幅、潜伏期不存在显著差异。结论:体育锻炼对大学生工作记忆具有选择性的影响,空间工作记忆好于言语工作记忆;锻炼强度对大学生工作记忆负荷具有促进作用,具体表现为,小强度、中等强度的有氧锻炼对大学生工作记忆负荷具有促进作用,中等强度下的效果最佳,大强度的有氧锻炼抑制大学生工作记忆的发展;体育锻炼能够改善大学生工作记忆,扩大工作记忆容量,提高加工速度。
[Abstract]:Working memory is a kind of information classified, encoded and assembled, and processed and stored temporarily. The working memory capacity is limited, and it is related to the information in long-term memory. By retelling the information, the information is transformed into long-term memory. Working memory plays an important role in memory system, which is divided into verbal working memory and spatial working memory according to the type of memory. Physical exercise can improve people's cognitive function, such as attention, memory, control ability and so on. There are few studies on the effect of physical exercise on people's working memory. The existing studies believe that physical exercise can expand working memory capacity and improve work efficiency. However, the effect of exercise intensity on working memory load still needs to be further explored. This study will explore the effect of exercise intensity on working memory load from behavior data and EEG evidence. In this study, 80 ordinary college students were used as subjects, 4 脳 2 脳 2 mixed experimental design, dependent variables as working memory load, behavior data and EEG data measurement, behavior data indicators: correct rate, reaction time; EEG indexes were N2, P300, independent variables were exercise intensity, working memory type, working memory load, exercise intensity was group variables (control group, low intensity group, medium intensity group and high intensity group), memory type (verbal working memory, spatial working memory) and memory load (low load, high load) were intra-group variables. Based on E-prime software, the sample delay matching task was used to measure the working memory load task of the subjects, the correct rate and reaction time of the subjects were collected, and the EEG data of the subjects were collected by ERP EEG system, and the effects of different exercise intensity on the working memory load of college students were comprehensively analyzed. Multivariate analysis of variance of correct rate and reaction time data showed that there was no significant difference in the accuracy of sample delay matching task among different exercise intensity groups, and there was significant difference in reaction time. The working memory effect of the subjects in the medium intensity group was the best. The EEG signals of the subjects were collected by ERP EEG system, and the amplitudes and latencies of N2P300 and P300 were analyzed by univariate variance analysis. There were significant differences in N2 amplitudes and latencies among different exercise intensity groups, but there was no significant difference in P300 amplitudes and latencies. Conclusion: physical exercise has selective effect on working memory of college students, spatial working memory is better than verbal working memory, exercise intensity can promote working memory load of college students, such as low intensity and medium intensity aerobic exercise has promoting effect on working memory load of college students, the effect of medium intensity aerobic exercise is the best, and high intensity aerobic exercise can inhibit the development of working memory of college students. Physical exercise can improve college students' working memory, expand working memory capacity and improve processing speed.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.8
[Abstract]:Working memory is a kind of information classified, encoded and assembled, and processed and stored temporarily. The working memory capacity is limited, and it is related to the information in long-term memory. By retelling the information, the information is transformed into long-term memory. Working memory plays an important role in memory system, which is divided into verbal working memory and spatial working memory according to the type of memory. Physical exercise can improve people's cognitive function, such as attention, memory, control ability and so on. There are few studies on the effect of physical exercise on people's working memory. The existing studies believe that physical exercise can expand working memory capacity and improve work efficiency. However, the effect of exercise intensity on working memory load still needs to be further explored. This study will explore the effect of exercise intensity on working memory load from behavior data and EEG evidence. In this study, 80 ordinary college students were used as subjects, 4 脳 2 脳 2 mixed experimental design, dependent variables as working memory load, behavior data and EEG data measurement, behavior data indicators: correct rate, reaction time; EEG indexes were N2, P300, independent variables were exercise intensity, working memory type, working memory load, exercise intensity was group variables (control group, low intensity group, medium intensity group and high intensity group), memory type (verbal working memory, spatial working memory) and memory load (low load, high load) were intra-group variables. Based on E-prime software, the sample delay matching task was used to measure the working memory load task of the subjects, the correct rate and reaction time of the subjects were collected, and the EEG data of the subjects were collected by ERP EEG system, and the effects of different exercise intensity on the working memory load of college students were comprehensively analyzed. Multivariate analysis of variance of correct rate and reaction time data showed that there was no significant difference in the accuracy of sample delay matching task among different exercise intensity groups, and there was significant difference in reaction time. The working memory effect of the subjects in the medium intensity group was the best. The EEG signals of the subjects were collected by ERP EEG system, and the amplitudes and latencies of N2P300 and P300 were analyzed by univariate variance analysis. There were significant differences in N2 amplitudes and latencies among different exercise intensity groups, but there was no significant difference in P300 amplitudes and latencies. Conclusion: physical exercise has selective effect on working memory of college students, spatial working memory is better than verbal working memory, exercise intensity can promote working memory load of college students, such as low intensity and medium intensity aerobic exercise has promoting effect on working memory load of college students, the effect of medium intensity aerobic exercise is the best, and high intensity aerobic exercise can inhibit the development of working memory of college students. Physical exercise can improve college students' working memory, expand working memory capacity and improve processing speed.
【学位授予单位】：山东体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.8
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