利奥塔后现代社会学的道德观及其启示

发布时间：2018-01-09 08:29

本文关键词：利奥塔后现代社会学的道德观及其启示　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当下中国，正处于由传统社会向现代社会的转型时期，经济全球化、文化价值多元化与现代信息技术的普及化趋势愈益彰著，道德和道德教育也由此处于多元文化价值体系的交融和不同道德价值相互激荡与冲突中。道德和道德教育正面临着前所未有的窘境与挑战。传统的学校道德教育模式已无法解决这些愈益显现的困境，必须诉诸一种新的理论框架与思维范式，方能化解由社会转型带来的道德困境与道德教育困惑。利奥塔之“后现代社会学”视域中的道德设计，即是一种直面社会转型及其道德困境的极富启发意义的思想成果。让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔是一位享有世界声誉的当代法国后现代主义思潮的思想巨臂，是著名的哲学家。他是当代法国后结构主义的有力代表，更是后现代“话语”最具代表性的人物。利奥塔借用维特根斯坦的“语言游戏”理论中的相关概念，通过对“元叙事”的怀疑以及对现代知识和技术的批判等，为我们提供了一种不同于传统思维的思想体系。其对传统“宏大叙事”的批判，，提醒人们在认识总体化思维范式之缺弊的同时，应高度注意差异的存在及其方法论意义，重新认识因现代理性的泛滥而被长期遮蔽了的差异性思维的时代意义，以避免随处可见的对普遍标准和价值的不公正运用。利奥塔的这一后现代社会学旨趣，对道德教育的思维方式与实践计划的优化具有重要的方法论价值。在利奥塔看来，传统的理性化道德，已然消失在剧烈流变着的当代社会实践存在之中，理性化的道德正逐渐被充满着审美情趣与个性美德的快感道德所替代。可以说，利奥塔后现代社会学中所散发出来的道德气息为道德教育的革新提供了一种独特的视角。论文通过深入分析利奥塔后现代社会学思想形成的时代背景和理论根基，较为详细地阐述了利奥塔后现代社会学思想的理论旨趣，并以此为基础进一步分析了利奥塔后现代社会学思想中所蕴含的道德观：即反对道德的基础主义，倡导道德的多元性及价值的异质性；批判道德的“宏大叙事”，推崇道德的“小型叙事”；否弃道德规训与价值宰制，彰显道德教育的人文关怀等。尔后，对利奥塔后现代社会学思想的主要价值所在与局限性进行了较为客观、辩证的分析。最后，对利奥塔后现代社会学思想中所蕴含的道德观及其对当前我国道德教育改革的启蕴，作了比较具体的理论推究与展望。这种启示可表现六个方面：道德教育应探寻解构性的道德研究范式；道德教育应注重道德价值的多元性与异质性；道德教育应建构民主平等的师生关系；道德教育应凸显开放性的课程观念；道德教育应改观授受式的道德教学模式；道德教育应营造反思性的教育环境。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in a period of transition from traditional society to modern society. The trend of economic globalization, cultural value diversification and the popularization of modern information technology is becoming more and more obvious. Moral and moral education is therefore in the blending of multicultural value system and the conflict between different moral values. Moral and moral education is facing unprecedented difficulties and challenges. Traditional school moral education is facing unprecedented difficulties and challenges. The model is no longer able to resolve these increasingly apparent dilemmas. We must resort to a new theoretical framework and thinking paradigm in order to resolve the moral dilemma and moral education confusion brought about by social transformation. Liotta's moral design in the field of "post-modern sociology". That is, it is a very enlightening result of facing the social transformation and its moral dilemma. Jean-Fran 莽 ois Leota is a world-renowned modern French postmodernist thought, a famous philosopher, a powerful representative of contemporary French post-structuralism. Liotta borrows the relevant concepts from Wittgenstein's Theory of language Game and criticizes modern knowledge and technology through the suspicion of "meta-narrative" and the criticism of modern knowledge and technology. It provides us with a different ideological system from the traditional thinking, which criticizes the traditional "grand narrative" and reminds people to understand the disadvantages of the general thinking paradigm at the same time. Great attention should be paid to the existence of difference and its methodological significance, and the significance of the age of difference thinking, which has been obscured for a long time by the flood of modern reason, should be re-recognized. In order to avoid the widespread unfair application of universal standards and values. Liotta's post-modern sociological purport. The optimization of thinking mode and practical plan of moral education has important methodological value. In Liotta's view, the traditional rational morality has disappeared into the existence of contemporary social practice. Rational morality is gradually replaced by pleasure morality which is full of aesthetic interest and personality virtue. The moral breath in Liotta's post-modern sociology provides a unique perspective for the innovation of moral education. Through the in-depth analysis of the background and theoretical foundation of Liotta's post-modern sociological thought, this paper expounds in detail the theoretical purport of Liotta's postmodern sociological thought. On this basis, the author further analyzes the moral outlook contained in Liotta's postmodern sociological thought: namely, opposing the basic doctrine of morality, advocating the pluralism of morality and the heterogeneity of value; The "grand narration" of criticizing morality and the "small narrative" of advocating morality; Whether to abandon moral discipline and the system of value killing, to highlight the humanistic care of moral education, etc. After that, the main value and limitation of Liotta's postmodern sociological thought are analyzed objectively and dialectically. Finally. The moral outlook contained in Liotta's postmodern sociological thought and its implication to the current moral education reform in China. This enlightenment can be shown in six aspects: moral education should explore the deconstruction of moral research paradigm; Moral education should pay attention to the diversity and heterogeneity of moral values; Moral education should construct a democratic and equal teacher-student relationship; Moral education should highlight the open concept of curriculum; Moral education should change the mode of moral teaching. Moral education should create a reflective educational environment.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G410

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