挫折应对个案研究

发布时间：2019-01-09 16:59

【摘要】：挫折是个体在从事有目的的活动过程中遇到障碍或干扰,致使个人动机不能实现、需要不能满足时的情绪状态,它的发生既与环境因素有关,也与个体因素有关。本文以某个体为研究个案,先从家庭、学校、个体三方面对其挫折成因进行分析,在此基础上,采用团体辅导与个别咨询相结合的方式对个案进行心理辅导与心理干预,内容涉及自信心培养、学习行为的应对以及人际关系应对等方面；同时,妥善借鉴代币管制的行为强化模式,又做好家长、教师及同伴的工作,通过共同努力,让个案经历问题解决过程,尝试辩证地认识挫折；最后积极创设挫折情境,让个案学会在合理归因的前提下作出决策,从而正确应对挫折。通过多管齐下的方式,本次干预最终取得了一定成效：个案逐渐走出了自卑阴影,树立了自信,学习行为有了很大改善,并逐渐表现出与人交往的趋向。更重要的是,经干预,个案基本掌握挫折应对的基本技巧,如调节情绪、合理归因、正确决策以及行为实施等,为今后正确应对将来的不确定性奠定了基础。研究得出如下结论：个案挫折心理与行为的产生受家庭因素、学校因素以及个体因素共同影响；以团体辅导与个别辅导相结合的方式对个案进行挫折应对干预研究是可行的,而且可以取得预期的良好效果；运用代币管制对个案进行自信心训练与良好学习习惯的习得训练是可行的,而且可以取得预期的良好效果。
[Abstract]:Frustration is the emotional state in which an individual encounters obstacles or disturbances in the process of engaging in purposeful activities, which leads to the failure of individual motivation and the need to be satisfied. The occurrence of frustration is not only related to environmental factors, but also to individual factors. This article takes an individual as a case study, first analyzes the causes of frustration from three aspects of family, school and individual, and on this basis, adopts the method of group counseling and individual counseling to conduct psychological counseling and psychological intervention. The content involves the cultivation of self-confidence, the coping of learning behavior and interpersonal relationship. At the same time, we should draw lessons from the behavior strengthening mode of token currency control, do well the work of parents, teachers and peers, through joint efforts, let the case experience the process of problem solving, try to understand setbacks dialectically; Finally, the frustration situation should be created actively so that the individual case can make the decision under the premise of reasonable attribution, so as to deal with the setback correctly. Through the multi-pronged approach, the intervention finally achieved certain results: the case gradually out of the shadow of inferiority, set up self-confidence, learning behavior has been greatly improved, and gradually showed a tendency to communicate with people. More importantly, after intervention, the case basically grasps the basic skills of frustration coping, such as adjusting emotion, reasonable attribution, correct decision making and behavior implementation, which lays a foundation for dealing with the uncertainty in the future. The conclusions are as follows: the occurrence of frustration psychology and behavior is influenced by family factors, school factors and individual factors; It is feasible to study frustration coping intervention by group counseling and individual counseling, and the expected good results can be achieved. It is feasible to carry out confidence training and acquisition training of good learning habits by means of token control, and the expected good results can be obtained.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B844.2

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