儿童早期数学问题解决过程、影响因素及评估

发布时间：2018-01-19 01:23

本文关键词： 数学问题解决数学学习发展评估　出处：《学前教育研究》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：当前国内外对儿童早期数学问题解决过程的研究多集中在问题表征、策略选择和使用、生生互动、师生互动(如合作和交流)等;工作记忆和元认知等一般认知因素、焦虑等非认知因素对儿童数学问题解决具有调节作用;特殊认知因素如数学概念和数学语言与儿童数学问题解决有相互影响作用;儿童早期数学问题解决的评估手段多为应用题,可借鉴表现性评价、认知诊断、情景测验等新的评估技术。总的来说,现有研究成果还较为有限,如考查儿童早期数学问题解决的研究工具较为单一刻板,需要为专业研究者、教师或家长开发观察评估量表和临床访谈等评估方法;缺乏对数学学业成绩与数学问题解决的关系研究和预测研究,缺乏立足生态观的研究,缺乏对学习困难儿童早期数学问题解决的研究。未来儿童早期数学问题解决研究可以关注儿童早期数学问题解决评估工具,开发数学问题情境库,研究数学问题解决与数学成就之间的关系,探索教师和家长如何为儿童数学问题解决提供适宜的支架以及中外儿童早期数学问题解决的差异。
[Abstract]:At present, researches on early mathematical problem-solving process of children at home and abroad focus on problem representation, strategy choice and use, student student interaction, teacher-student interaction (such as cooperation and communication) and so on. General cognitive factors such as working memory and metacognition and non-cognitive factors such as anxiety can regulate children's mathematical problem-solving. Special cognitive factors such as mathematical concepts and mathematical language have interaction with children's mathematical problem solving. The evaluation methods for early mathematical problem solving of children are mostly applied problems, which can be used for reference such as performance evaluation, cognitive diagnosis, situational testing and so on. In general, the existing research results are still relatively limited. For example, the research tools for early mathematical problem-solving of children are relatively single and rigid, so it is necessary for professional researchers, teachers or parents to develop the evaluation methods such as observation and evaluation scale and clinical interview. Lack of mathematics academic achievement and mathematical problem solving relationship research and prediction research, lack of ecological view of the study. There is a lack of research on early mathematical problem solving for children with learning disabilities. In the future, the research on early mathematical problem solving of children can focus on the evaluation tools of early mathematical problem solving and develop the situation database of mathematical problems. This paper studies the relationship between mathematical problem solving and mathematical achievement, and explores how teachers and parents can provide suitable scaffolds for children's mathematical problem solving and the differences between Chinese and foreign children's early mathematical problem solving.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学部学前教育系;郑州师范学院初等教育学院;
【基金】：中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心自主课题(编号:2016-02-004-BZK01) 郑州地方高校教育教学改革工程(编号:ZZJG-C7042)
【分类号】：G613.4
【正文快照】： 州450044)一、问题提出问题解决在数学教育中一直备受重视,“问题解决不是数学教育的中心之一,而是惟一的中心(the focus)”。[1]我国《幼儿园教育指导纲要(试行)》提出幼儿数学教育的成功不在于幼儿掌握丰富的数学知识和技能,而是能够运用简单的数学方法解决生活中的问题,学

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