幼儿教师惩戒行为研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 11:15

本文关键词： 幼儿教师幼儿教育惩戒实证研究　出处：《山西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：幼儿教师惩戒行为是以促使幼儿认识、反思并改正自己的错误为目的，幼儿教师通过合理的、不伤害幼儿身心健康的方式，针对幼儿产生的不合理行为实施影响的行为。惩戒作为幼儿教师常用的教育手段之一，在幼儿园中出现的频率很高，并且对幼儿以及教师自身都会产生影响，很有研究的必要性。本研究致力于通过对幼儿教师惩戒行为的现场观察，并结合教师的访谈，客观真实呈现出幼儿园中教师惩戒行为的现状。研究发现，，在幼儿园中，教师实施惩戒行为的频率很高，并且根据不同的维度可以将幼儿教师惩戒行为分成不同的类型。首先，以惩戒行为指向幼儿一日生活的不同方面，教师惩戒行为分为生活活动惩戒、教学活动惩戒以及游戏活动惩戒；其次，根据教师实施惩戒的方式侧重语言还是动作、表情或其他，分为言语型惩戒和非言语型惩戒；第三，根据教师惩戒对象的多少，分为个别惩戒和群体惩戒；最后，根据惩戒对象的性别，分为男生惩戒和女生惩戒。针对教师不同类型的惩戒行为，幼儿做出了不同的反馈，表现出三种不同的态度，即积极接受，中立平和及消极抵抗。根据幼儿的反馈态度，笔者进一步发现教师惩戒行为对幼儿和教师都造成了一定的影响。就幼儿而言，惩戒行为帮助其改正了不合理行为，促进了其身心和谐发展，但是有时也由于教师实施不当，或者实施次数过多会对幼儿身心造成伤害；就教师自身而言，惩戒行为的实施有利于幼儿建立良好的常规，方便了教师的工作，但有时家长的不理解也会给教师带来压力，影响家长和教师的沟通，进而影响惩戒行为实施的效果。针对教师惩戒的状况，笔者还进一步分析了影响教师惩戒行为实施的因素，发现主要影响因素有三种，教师自身、幼儿以及外界环境因素这三方面。就教师自身而言，其惩戒理念以及个性特征都会影响惩戒行为实施；就幼儿而言，幼儿的年龄特点和幼儿的个性特征是重要的影响因素；就环境而言，教师工作的环境幼儿园以及幼儿的家庭环境会对其惩戒行为的实施有影响。根据研究得出的结论，笔者分别从教师、幼儿园和家长三方面提出了建议以供借鉴。就教师而言，其在实施惩戒行为时要做到适度、适量、及时、客观、一致以及要注意多与家长沟通、合作；就幼儿园而言，幼儿园应注意控制班级幼儿人数以及提供丰富的材料设备；就幼儿家长而言，家长应有正确的惩戒理念以及注意建立民主型家庭教养方式。
[Abstract]:The disciplinary behavior of early childhood teachers is aimed at promoting children to understand, reflect on and correct their own mistakes. In this way, early childhood teachers do not harm children's physical and mental health in a reasonable way. As one of the commonly used educational means of preschool teachers, discipline has a high frequency in kindergarten, and will have an impact on children as well as teachers themselves. There is a great need for research. This study is devoted to observing the disciplinary behavior of preschool teachers on the spot, and combining with teachers' interviews, to objectively and truly present the status quo of teachers' disciplinary behavior in kindergartens. The frequency of disciplinary behavior is very high, and according to different dimensions, teachers can be divided into different types of disciplinary behavior. Firstly, the disciplinary behavior points to different aspects of children's life in 1st. The disciplinary behavior of teachers is divided into life activity discipline, teaching activity discipline and game discipline; secondly, according to the way the teacher carries out discipline, it focuses on language or action, facial expression or other, divided into verbal discipline and non-verbal discipline; third, According to the number of teachers' disciplinary objects, it can be divided into individual discipline and group punishment; finally, according to the sex of the disciplinary object, it can be divided into boys' discipline and girls' discipline. According to the feedback attitude of young children, there are three different attitudes, namely, positive acceptance, neutrality and passive resistance, according to different types of disciplinary behavior of teachers. The author further found that teachers' disciplinary behavior had a certain impact on both young children and teachers. As far as children were concerned, disciplinary behavior helped them to correct unreasonable behaviors and promote their physical and mental harmonious development, but sometimes due to the improper implementation of teachers, the disciplinary actions helped them to correct their unreasonable behaviors and promote their physical and mental development. For teachers themselves, the implementation of disciplinary behavior is conducive to the establishment of a good routine, which facilitates teachers' work, but sometimes parents do not understand it will also bring pressure to teachers. Affect the communication between parents and teachers, and then affect the implementation of disciplinary action. In view of the situation of teachers' discipline, the author further analyzes the factors that affect the implementation of teachers' disciplinary behavior, and finds that there are three main influencing factors, namely, teachers themselves, young children and external environmental factors. As far as teachers themselves are concerned, The concept of discipline and personality characteristics will affect the implementation of disciplinary behavior; for young children, the age characteristics and personality characteristics of young children are important factors; in terms of environment, Teachers' working environment, kindergarten and children's family environment will affect their disciplinary behavior. According to the conclusion of the study, the author puts forward some suggestions from teachers, kindergartens and parents for reference. As far as teachers are concerned, they should be moderate, moderate, timely and objective in their disciplinary actions. Consistency and attention should be paid to communicating and cooperating with parents; in the case of kindergartens, attention should be paid to controlling the number of children in their classes and providing abundant materials and equipment; for parents of young children, Parents should have correct discipline concept and pay attention to the establishment of democratic family rearing style.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G615

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