学前儿童谎言行为的发生与原因分析

发布时间：2018-03-14 22:00

本文选题：欺骗　切入点：谎言　出处：《学前教育研究》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：说谎是儿童常见的言语欺骗行为,有关儿童谎言行为的研究由来已久,目前已经从家庭观察研究逐步转向实验研究。已有研究表明学前儿童的谎言较为普遍,他们在2岁后就能够对虚假陈述做出正确判断,其最初的谎言发生在2~3岁之间,不过大多数2岁的孩子还是很诚实的。3岁的孩子在礼貌情景下能够成功地说出亲社会性的谎言。3~4岁是幼儿谎言发展的一个转折点,4岁及以后的谎言更具策略性,但还不像年长儿童那样娴熟,这与其心理理论和执行功能的发展水平密切相关。学前儿童的谎言既有可能是出于礼貌的自我保护性策略,也有可能是父母"谎言育儿"的结果,还有可能是惩罚性教育环境的产物,同时也受到不同社会文化的影响。对幼儿的谎言行为,成人须持有正确的态度,一方面应认识到谎言是儿童认知发展中的一个重要里程碑,是其心理理论与执行功能发展到一定水平的反映,不应视幼儿的谎言为洪水猛兽,而应以真诚的态度认真分析幼儿说谎的真实动机,另一方面应建设非惩罚性的学校与家庭教育环境,为幼儿树立正确的模仿榜样,引导幼儿尽量不说谎,发展幼儿的诚实品质。
[Abstract]:Lying is a common speech deceptive behavior in children. The research on children's lies has been going on for a long time, and has gradually shifted from family observation to experimental research. Some studies have shown that lies in preschool children are more common. They were able to make a correct judgment on false statements after they were two years old, and their initial lies occurred between the ages of two and three. But most 2-year-olds are still very honest, and the 3-year-olds who are able to successfully tell pro-social lies in polite situations. 3 / 4 is a turning point in the development of lies in toddlers. The lie of age 4 and beyond is more strategic. But it is not as skilful as older children, which is closely related to their level of psychological theory and executive function. Preschool children's lies may be the result of polite self-protective strategies or parental "lie parenting." It may also be a product of a punitive educational environment and also influenced by different cultures. Adults should have the right attitude towards the lies of young children. On the one hand, they should recognize that lies are an important milestone in the development of children's cognition, It is a reflection of the development of its psychological theory and executive function to a certain level, and children's lies should not be regarded as wild animals, but the true motives of children's lies should be seriously analyzed in a sincere manner. On the other hand, we should build non-punitive school and family education environment, set a correct imitation example for children, guide children not to lie as much as possible, and develop children's honest quality.
【作者单位】：甘肃天水师范学院教师教育学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科项目“重叠任务情境下注意资源分配策略研究”(批准号:09JYCXLX025)
【分类号】：G611

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