公办学前教育资源区域配置的空间特征与均衡程度分析

发布时间：2018-03-23 10:26

本文选题：教育资源　切入点：资源配置　出处：《学前教育研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：教育公平是社会公平的重要基础,现阶段我国基础教育改革的重要战略目标即是实现教育均衡发展。学前教育资源配置均衡是学前教育公平得以实现的重要保障。当前学前教育资源配置不仅在省域、县域之间很不均衡,而且微观区域内的幼儿园建设、布局结构、教学资源配置缺乏科学的参考依据,政府对学前教育公平在事实层面上的推进难以进行持续的监测和评估。本研究以上海市为例,利用GIS技术,对上海16个区的学前教育资源配置情况,包括各区公办园所数量与等级、公办幼儿园班级数、公办幼儿园服务压力、公办幼儿园可达性等进行成像分析,发现当前上海市公办学前教育资源配置呈现出如下非均衡的空间特征:公办学前教育资源分布相对集中,区域调配不合理;部分区域公办学前教育资源数量可观,但教育质量不佳。为此,政府不仅应注意在公立学前教育资源服务盲点新建公办园,而且应努力提升已有公办园的教育和服务质量,同时应考虑通过多种方式向当地普惠性民办学前教育机构进行投入,以满足当地居民对学前教育公共服务资源可获性与公平性的需求,最终实现学前教育资源区域均衡配置和公平发展。
[Abstract]:Education equity is an important foundation of social equity. At present, the important strategic goal of the basic education reform in our country is to realize the balanced development of education, the balance of pre-school education resources allocation is the important guarantee to realize the equity of preschool education, and the present allocation of preschool education resources is not only in the province, but also in the province. There is an imbalance between counties, and there is a lack of scientific reference basis for kindergarten construction, layout structure, and teaching resources allocation in micro-regions. It is difficult for the government to continuously monitor and evaluate the promotion of preschool education equity at the factual level. This study takes Shanghai as an example and uses GIS technology to allocate preschool education resources in 16 districts of Shanghai. Including the number and grade of public kindergartens in various districts, the number of classes in public kindergartens, the pressure of public kindergartens, the accessibility of public kindergartens, etc., It is found that the allocation of public pre-school education resources in Shanghai is characterized by the following disequilibrium: the distribution of public pre-school education resources is relatively concentrated, the regional allocation is unreasonable, and the amount of public pre-school education resources in some regions is considerable. However, the quality of education is not good. Therefore, the government should not only pay attention to the establishment of new public gardens in the blind spot of public preschool education resources, but also strive to improve the quality of education and service of the existing public kindergartens. At the same time, consideration should be given to investing in local inclusive non-governmental pre-school education institutions in a variety of ways to meet the needs of the local population for the availability and equity of public services for pre-school education, Finally, the regional balanced allocation and equitable development of preschool education resources will be realized.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学部;华东师范大学地理科学学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究规划2015年度项目“基于概化理论的教师培训课程标准的研制研究”(编号:15YJA880028)
【分类号】：G619.2

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